Abstract: Objective　To use skin prick test to understand the main allergens in patients with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis，and to provide important evidence for its prevention，diagnosis and treatment. Methods　A total of 2252 patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis between August 2015 and July 2017 in the outpatient department of Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University were tested for allergens by skin prick test，and sex and disease types were analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Results　The skin prick test was performed in 2252 patients， 1390 cases were positive， and the positive rate was 61.7%； the ratio of male to female was 1.75∶1； the positive rate in boys was （925/1433， 64.5%） higher than that of girls（465/819， 56.8%）（P＜0.05）. The positive rate in children with bronchial asthma was 65.3%（607/929）， the positive rate in allergic rhinitis was 58.8%（664/1129）， and the positive rate in bronchial asthma combined with allergic rhinitis was 61.3%（119/194）. The positive rate of bronchial asthma group was higher than that of allergic rhinitis group（P＜0.05）. Dust mites（60.3%） and house dust mites（43.4%） were most common，followed by grass pollen and cat hair. Conclusion The most common allergens in children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in Suzhou Children’s Hospital are mites；skin prick test provides a basis for the diagnosis of allergic diseases.

Key words: bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergen, skin prick test

摘要： 目的　应用皮肤点刺试验了解支气管哮喘及过敏性鼻炎患儿的主要过敏原， 为其预防、 诊断、 治疗提供依据。方法　选取于2015年8月至2017年7月在苏州大学附属儿童医院门诊诊断为支气管哮喘及过敏性鼻炎的2252例患儿进行皮肤点刺试验检测过敏原，并对其性别、 疾病种类数据采用SPSS 21.0软件进行分析。结果　2252例患儿进行皮肤点刺试验， 1390例阳性， 阳性率61.7%。男女比例1.75∶1， 男性阳性率（925/1433， 64.5%）高于女性阳性率（465/819， 56.8%）， 差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。支气管哮喘患儿阳性率为65.3%（607/929）， 过敏性鼻炎患儿阳性率为58.8%（664/1129）， 支气管哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎患儿阳性率61.3%（119/194）。支气管哮喘阳性率高于过敏性鼻炎， 差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。过敏原以粉尘螨（60.3%）、 屋尘螨（43.4%）最常见， 其次是草花粉、 猫毛。结论　苏州大学附属儿童医院的支气管哮喘、 过敏性鼻炎患儿最常见过敏原为螨类； 皮肤点刺试验可为过敏性疾病的诊断提供依据。

关键词: 支气管哮喘, 过敏性鼻炎, 过敏原, 皮肤点刺试验