Abstract:

Respiratory syncytial virus（RSV） infection was an important cause of acute lower respiratory infection in children under 5 years of age and one of the leading causes of mortality in children under 1 year of age worldwide. It may not only aggravate existing chronic respiratory diseases，but also cause long-term sequelaes such as recurrent wheezing. It was a heavy burden on children’s health problems globally. In clinic，there were few choices for the prevention or treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection. Many kinds of drugs were still in clinical trials. This review is intended to outline the current situation of RSV infection in the world，long-term influence on respiratory system of children and new advances in the prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Key words: respiratory syncytial virus, globle burden, vaccine, child, antivirals

摘要：

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染是全世界范围内5岁以下儿童急性下呼吸道感染的重要原因，也是婴儿死亡的主要原因之一，RSV感染不仅可能加重原有的慢性呼吸系统疾病，也可能引起反复喘息发作等后遗症，给全球儿童卫生健康造成重大影响及负担。临床上，用于预防或治疗RSV感染的药物较少，多种药物仍处于临床试验阶段，该文拟对RSV感染现状、长期影响及预防和治疗药物研制的新进展进行阐述。

关键词: 呼吸道合胞病毒, 全球负担, 疫苗, 儿童, 抗病毒