Abstract:

In 2014，a total of 359 000 cases of tuberculosis（0-14 years old） in children were reported worldwide，accounting for 6.5 percent of the registered TB cases. According to China’s research data in 2013，the PPD positive（≥10 mm）rate of children aged 5 to 15 in different TB epidemic areas was 8.09% to 21.26%. In 2015，6 861 cases of tuberculosis in children were reported nationwide，with a incidence of 3.03/100 000. In 2014，the national TB mortality rate among children aged 0 to 14 was 0.12/100 000. The diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis should be based on a comprehensive assessment of evidence such as contact history，clinical examination and related examinations. The principles of childhood TB treatment are the same as those of adults. At present the state council issued a national tuberculosis control program，put forward to improve the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in children，to provide technical training to pediatricians on TB control，and to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of childhood tuberculosis.

Key words: tuberculosis, epidemiology, child, diagnosis, treatment

摘要：

2014年， 全球共报告35.9万例儿童（0～14岁）结核病，占登记报告结核病病例的6.5%。2013年我国研究数据显示，不同结核病疫情地区5～15岁儿童的结核菌素试验（PPD）阳性率为8.09%～21.26%（≥10 mm）。2015年，全国共报告儿童肺结核患者6861例，发病率为3.03/10万。2014年，全国0～14岁儿童结核病死亡率为0.12/10万。儿童结核病诊断要基于对接触史、临床检查和相关检查等证据的全面评估。儿童结核病治疗原则与成人相同。目前国务院下发了《“十三五”全国结核病防治规划》，提出要完善儿童结核病的防治措施，对儿科医生开展结核病防治技术培训，规范儿童结核病的诊断和治疗服务。

关键词: 结核病, 流行病学, 儿童, 诊断, 治疗