The lower end of the esophageal grating vessel and the terminal end of the gastric folds serve as the criteria for determining the esophagogastric junction. Studies on embryonic origin suggest that the esophagus with esophageal glands under the stratified squamous epithelium and the gastric mucosa with simple columnar epithelium and glandular tissue have histological differences originating from the embryonic origin, which serves as the boundary between endoderm and ectoderm; Histologically, there is a mucinous gland in the deep of lamina propria at the esophagogastric junction, known as the cardia gland. The classification of esophagogastric junction cancer mainly includes the Nishi classification in Japan, the Siewert classification in Germany, and the classification of the Kyoto International Consensus. Although the classification systems are not completely unified, it is widely recognized worldwide that esophagogastric junction cancer is an independent tumor type due to its location of disease, pathogenic factors, and clinical characteristics. Develop a reasonable range of gastric resection and lymph node dissection based on the classification of esophagogastric junction cancer to achieve oncological benefits and surgical safety.