Abstract: Introduction to the key contents of domestic and foreign guidelines on thyroid cancer in children and adolescents            YIN De-tao, WANG Guan. Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Engineering Research Center of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province; Key Medicine Laboratory of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450052,China
Corresponding author：YIN De-tao, E-mail:detaoyin@zzu.edu.cn
Abstract    The clinical biological behavior of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents is more aggressive，and is more likely to have an extrathyroidal extension，regional lymphadenopathy，and pulmonary metastases compared with their adult counterparts，but the incidence of disease-specific mortality for pediatric and adolescent thyroid cancer(PATC) was significantly lower than that in adults. The diagnosis and treatment of PATC is not a "smaller version" of adults’. Previously，most of the evaluation，treatment and follow-up of PATC were based on adult guidelines，which led to some children receiving aggressive therapy unnecessarily—total thyroidectomy，neck dissection or radioactive iodine therapy. The formulation of domestic and foreign guidelines has optimized the diagnosis and management of pediatric and adolescent thyroid cancer for individualized treatment based on preoperative and postoperative staging and risk stratification，and the aim is to minimize the potential complications of treatment while maintaining low disease-specific mortality and to maximize the benefit of the child.

Key words: children, adolescents, thyroid cancer, guidelines, diagnosis and ,  , treatment

摘要： 儿童及青少年甲状腺癌的临床生物学行为相比成人具有更强的侵袭性，更易发生腺外侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移和远处转移，儿童及青少年甲状腺癌的特异性疾病病死率明显低于成人，儿童及青少年甲状腺癌的诊疗并非成人的“缩小版”。之前多数儿童及青少年甲状腺癌的评估、治疗及随访以成人指南作为参考，使得一部分儿童接受了非必要的激进疗法——全甲状腺切除术、颈淋巴结清扫或放射性碘治疗。国内外相关指南的制定，使儿童及青少年甲状腺癌的诊疗管理优化为依据术前、术后分期及风险分层的个体化治疗，旨在维持低特异性疾病病死率的基础上尽可能减少治疗的潜在并发症，使患儿获得最大收益。

关键词: 儿童, 青少年, 甲状腺癌, 指南, 诊疗