Abstract: Relevant problems of lateral lymph node dissection for lower rectal cancer        HU Xiang. Department of General Surgery，the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University，Dalian 116011，China
Abstract    Lateral lymph nodes dissection can be selected as the standard treatment. Besides chemoradiation becomes the treatment strategy when lateral lymph node metastasis is considered as distant metastasis for the treatment of lower rectal cancer. There are some differences between the east and the west. JCOG0212 trial has not confirmed non inferiority of lateral lymph nodes dissection. The preventive lymphadenectomy is still controversial. Laparoscopic surgery and chemoradiation are changing the treatment strategy，and the rational application of lateral lymph node dissection will be an important topic in the future.    

Key words: lower rectal cancer；lateral lymph node dissection；chemotherapy, radiotherapy；surgery

摘要： 对于低位直肠癌的治疗，在是否选择侧方淋巴结清扫为标准治疗，或将侧方淋巴结转移视为远隔转移而以放化疗为治疗策略等方面，东西方学者的观点仍存在诸多差异。JCOG0212试验并未证实预防性侧方淋巴结清扫的非劣性，其仍具争议。腹腔镜手术技术、辅助治疗等正在改变低位直肠癌的治疗策略，侧方淋巴结清扫的合理应用仍是未来研究的重要课题。

关键词: 低位直肠癌, 侧方淋巴结清扫, 化疗, 放疗, 手术