Two issues of biliary surgery can not be ignored：Protection of the sphincter of Oddi function and bile duct injury in last paragraph        LIU Yong-feng, LI Gui-chen. Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, China
Corresponding author: LIU Yong-feng, E-mail:yfliu@mail.cmu.edu.cn
Abstract    Sphincter of Oddi (SO) is a complex neuromuscular structure located at the choledocho and pancreatoduodenal junction.  SO plays a major role in controlling the flow of bile from the common bile duct into the duodenum and  effectively prevents duodenobiliary reflux. The protection of the structure and function of SO should be emphasized in biliary surgery. Oddi sphincterotomy or angioplasty should be carried on strictly. It is very difficult for the diagnosis and treatment of the last part of common bile duct injury with iatrogenic reasons. The key point is to prevent its occurrence. Once the injury occurs, early treatment will be important. Damage control surgery has been proven to have the most benefits for delay found. The basic principles of the management for bile duct injury are the diversion of bile juice, pancreatic juice and gastric juice, reducing the leakage of digestive juices and adequate drainage of retroperitoneal space. Enteral nutrition, anti-infection and supportive therapy should be applied as soon as possible. Restoring the continuity of the biliary tract and gastrointestinal tract should be considered in the second stage operation.