The principle of neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy for lower rectal carcinoma :discussion with surgeons                  XIAO Qin, JIN Jing. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021,  China
Corresponding author:  JIN Jing, E-mail：jingjin25@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract    More recently, there has been great advances in the treatment strategy of rectal carcinoma. Especially, with the application of multi-disciplinary team, the management of rectal cancer has been improved significantly. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CRT) preoperatively rather than postoperatively, could improve local control, reduce advert effects of chemoradiotherapy, and even makes it possible to preserve the sphincter in some locally advanced patients. Therefore, for resectable rectal carcinoma, preoperative CRT plus surgery should be the standard treatment and be recommended.