Tracheal and esophageal injury during thyroid surgery：prevention and managements        WANG Zhuo-ying. Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Fudan University Thyroid Cancer Center ,Shanghai 200032, China
Abstract    Tracheal and esophageal injury during thyroid surgery is uncommon, which are usually in large tumors with local compression or in reoperative cases. Thorough preoperative examination for the relationship between the lesion and trachea or esophagus may prevent the injury. The complications can be managed by primary closure or tissue flaps depending on the range of the defects.