Standardization drug therapy of venous thromboembolism        ZHANG Fu-xian, LI Hai-lei. Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing100038, China
Corresponding author: ZHANG Fu-xian, E-mail：fuxian@263.net
Abstract    Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a spectrum of diseases that includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Anticoagulant treatment is the mainstay of therapy for VTE. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) followed by vitamin K antagonists have been the treatment of choice for most patients with VTE in China. Over the last years, new oral anticoagulant agents including direct factor IIa inhibitors, such as dabigatran and direct factor Xa inhibitors, such as rivaroxaban have been developed. The drugs are taken orally at fixed daily doses and do not require laboratory monitoring. According to evidence-based medicine, individual anticoagulation is recommended. So far, the available thrombolytic agents are streptokinase, urokinase and alteplase. In selected patients with extensive acute proximal DVT, catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is recommended to reduce acute symptoms and postthrombotic morbidity. Antiplatelet agents and microcirculation improvement drugs could be used after anticoagulation.