Acute leukemia after liver transplantation: a new AML-M2 case report and review of the literature        JIANG Nan, ZHANG Tong，WANG Gen-shu, et al. Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630,China
Corresponding auther: CHEN Gui-hua, E-mail: chgh1955@263.net
Abstract    Objective    Acute leukemia is a rare complication after liver transplantation (LT). Identifing the clinical characteristics and risk factors will improve the diagnosis and treatment level and survival rate of acute leukemia after LT. Methods    The first case of AML-M2 patients who underwent LT at Transplant Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University was reported. The process of diagnosis, treatment and experiences on adjustment immunodepressant during chemotherapy were introduced. The clinical characteristics and risk factors were analyzed based on review of the literature on similar cases. Results    The patient, a 42-year-old man who developed acute leukemia 38 months after liver transplantation, was treated by chemotherapy successfully and had been in continuous remission subsequently with appropriate adjustment of immunosuppressive agents. Only 17 patients with acute leukemia after LT had been reported, but the mortality rate (52.94%) was high extraordinarily within 1 year. Conclusion    Acute leukemia is a rare and fatal complication after LT. The patient’s chromosomal mutation profile, the choice of immunodepressant and infection by hepatitis virus may be the reasons for death of acute leukemia after LT.