The treatment and diagnosis of micronutritiens in the surgical patients        REN Jian-an. Research Institute of General Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210002, China
Abstract    Micronutritiens deficiency may develop in the critically ill or in the long term hospitalized surgical patients. Vitamin K deficiency could cause coagulopathy and spontaneous bleeding. B12 deficiency is the cause of pernicious anemia. Refeeding syndrome is usually caused by deficiency of phosphorous when malnourished patients start restore nutritonal support. Wernicke encephalopathy is a syndrome characterised by ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, confusion, and impairment of short-term memory. It is often resulting from inadequate intake or absorption of thiamine (vitamin B1), especially in conjunction with carbohydrate ingestion。