Immediate breast reconstruction with partial latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major compound muscular flap ZHANG Bin*, FENG Rui, GE Jie, et al. Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China. Corresponding author: CAO Xu-chen, E-mail: CXC@medmail.com.cn Abstract Objective To investigate immediate breast reconstruction following skin-sparing mastectomy in breast carcinoma patients by using thoracodorsal artery descending branche based partial latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major compound muscular flap with breast prothesis. Methods Breast reconstruction were performed in 16 patients with operation procedures described above, and the traits and indications of the procedure were analyzed. The patients were admitted between January 2006 and March 2009 at Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University and Tianjin Central Hospital for Gynaecology and Obstetrics. Results Fifteen patients (16 breasts) underwent the breast reconstruction procedure following immediate mastectomy as described above. Three patients had experienced seroma, which was treated and cured by aspiration method. Forteen patients performed chemotherapy after being confirmed as invasive breast cancer by pathology and none of them had experienced relative complications. The median follow up time was 16 months (2～36 months), reconstructive breast demonstrated of good shape, soft texture, and without any capsular contracture. Conclusion Breast reconstruction with partial latissimus dorsi-pectoralis major compound muscular flap and breast prothesis is a simple and safe procedure, which reserved the functionof latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major and conserved the donor site. The procedures is suitable for the patients who were either inappropriate for or unable to comply with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy is not required in pre- and intra-operation evaluation.