Prophylaxis and management of neuropsychiatric complications after liver transplantation MA Yi， TAI Qiang, HE Xiao-shun， et al. Departmentment of Transplantation Surgery，the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University，Guangzhou 510080，China Corresponding author：MA Yi， E-mail：anhuimayi2002@163.com Objective To study the prophylaxis and management of neuropsychiatric complications after othotopic liver transplantation(OLTx). Methods The clinical data of 516 cases performed allograft othotopic liver transplantation from January 2004 to December 2006 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The incidence and course of neuropsychiatric complications after OLT were summarized. Results There were 83 cases had neuropsychiatric complications（16.1%）including 67 cases（13.0%） of diffuse encephalopathy, 8 cases（1.6%）of cerebrovascular accident, 7 cases（1.4%）of epileptic seizure （including 3 cases of intracranial hemorrhage）,2 cases（0.4%）of central pontine myelinolysis and 2 cases（0.4%）of central nervous system infection. Integrated control therapy of etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment were taken to treat neuropsychiatric complications. Seven cases of encephalopathy were administrated persistent artificial liver replacement therapy and 2 cases of intracranial hemorrhage were performed craniotomy hematoma clearance. Of the 83 cases, 12 cases died, and the neuropsychiatric complications related mortality was 14.5%（12/83）. Conclusion Neuropsychiatric complications after OLT are common and have plenty of clinical manifestations. The occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage and central nervous system infection always suggest unfavourable prognosis. Thinking highly of perioperative prevention, taking etiotropic combined therapy and adjusting immunosuppressive drug can decrease mortality conspicuously.