Endoscopic submucosal dissection in the trearment of lower rectal tumor YAO Li-qing, ZHONG Yun-shi. Endoscopic Center, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032,China Corresponding author: ZHONG Yun-shi, E-mail:zhongamy2002@126.com Abstract There were disputations of local resection of rectal cancer, in this article we reviewed the development, intradiction, methods of endoscopic resection and the value in the treatment of lower rectal tumor，especially focused on endoscopic submucosa dissection, including instrument, methods, postoperative treatment and effect.