Decision-making on surgical therapy of low-third rectal cancer based on anatomy GU Jin，DU Chang-zheng. Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital &Institute，Beijing100142,China Corresponding author:GU Jin, E-mail:zlguj@yahoo.com.cn Abstract Rectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, and 75% locate at low-third rectum. Surgery is predominant therapy for rectal cancer. During the past decades,radiotherapy and more recently radiochemotherapy have been increasingly used together with surgery in the primary management of patients with rectal caner. Radical procedure of rectal cancer based on anatomy involves vascular ligation, pelvic autonomic nerve preservation(PANP), lymph nodes resection, total mesorectal excision(TME) and sphincter preservation.