Objective:To evaluate the diagnosis and the treatment of thyroid papillary carcinoma and its complications. Methods:The clinical data of 136 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma confirmed by surgery and pathology from 1995 to 2004 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were analyzed retrospectively. Results:The coincidence rate of diagnosis for thyroid papillary carcinoma by intraoperative frozen section was 98.2% (111/113).It was significantly higher than that by ultrasonography (25.8%,16/62),CT (80.0%,24/30) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (78.1%,25/32).Hypocalcemia after surgical event could be documented in 8.8% of 136 cases,recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 2.2% of cases and chyle leakage in 1.5% of cases. Conclusion:The intraoperative frozen section can provide reliable evidence for the diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma. The peripheral tissues of thoracic duct fistulagreat saphenous veininternal jugular vein anastomosis is a good way to treat high flow of chyle transudation.