Objective:To compare the effects of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremities. Methods:One hundred and twentyseven proximal or proximal and distal combined DVT patients were divided into surgical treatment group (67 patients) and nonsurgical treatment group (60 patients).The circumference of lower limb involving DVT in all patients were 2cm more than that of the other limb.The courses were from 8 hours to 90 days.The patients in the surgical group received thrombectomy,balloon venoplasty,and stent placement after placement of inferior vena cava filters.Two groups received anticoagulation and thrombolysis via limbs involving DVT.Color Doppler sonography and the edema fadeaway were used to evaluate the treatment effects. Results:The effect of surgical treatment was superior to nonsurgical treatment.The effects of acute and subacute patients in surgical group had no statistical difference,but that of acute and subacute versus chronic patients had statistical difference.The effects of acute patients in two groups had no statistical difference,but surgical treatment was superior to nonsurgical treatment for subacute patients. Conclusions:Non-surgical treatment may be proper for acute DVT of lower extremities.Surgical treatment is superior to nonsurgical treatment for subacute proximal or proximal and distal combined DVT patients who received nonregularizing treatment in acute stage.