Objective To summarize metabolic and bariatric surgery practice in China in 2025. Methods Based on data from the Greater China Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Database (GC-MBD), metabolic and bariatric surgery performed in different regions in 2025 and follow-up data from 2018 to 2025 were statistically analyzed. Demographic characteristics, obesity-related diseases, surgical information and follow-up outcomes were descriptively analyzed. Results In 2025, 64 centers from 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China registered 10 404 valid cases in GC-MBD. The median of preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 39.1 (25.4, 94.9). Female patients accounted for 7045 cases (70.4%), with a median age of 33 (9, 72) years; male patients accounted for 2 964 cases (29.6%), with a median age of 31 (10, 68) years. Among all valid cases, 37.6% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 92.5% had metabolic associated fatty liver disease, 53.0% had hypertension, 77.6% had obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and 67.2% of female patients had polycystic ovary syndrome before surgery. Regarding operative procedures, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) accounted for 87.37%, sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (SG-TB) for 5.39%, one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) for 2.10%, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for 1.91%, sleeve gastrectomy with jejunojejunal bypass (SG-JJB) for 0.86%, single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy/one-anastomosis duodenal switch (SADI-S/OADS) for 0.54%, sleeve gastrectomy with loop duodenojejunal bypass (SG-LDJB) for 0.02%, and other procedures for 0.37%. In addition, gastric bypass stenting, intragastric balloon implantation (IGB), and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) accounted for 1.39%, 0.03%, and 0.02%, respectively. At 12 months after surgery, the mean percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) was 28.7%, and the median percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) was 110.9%. Conclusion The 2025 data showed that patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery in China were mainly young and middle-aged adults, with a predominance of women and a high prevalence of preoperative obesity-related diseases. SG remained the predominant procedure. Weight loss reached a relatively high level at 6 to 12 months after surgery and remained favorable thereafter. This annual report reflects the development of metabolic and bariatric surgery in China and provides an important basis for comparison with previous annual and international data.