Surgical treatment is the most effective therapeutic approach for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Establishing surgical classification and treatment strategies based on key adverse biological mechanisms of the disease is crucial for increasing the rate of curative resection and improving prognosis. Under the crosstalk effects between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and Schwann cells of the nerve myelin sheath，intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma readily invades nerves and metastasizes via lymphatic routes. The anatomical characteristics of Glisson’s capsule enveloping the large hepatic pedicle in the liver hilar region exacerbate these adverse biological behaviors of the tumor. Cholangiocarcinoma originating from secondary branches of the intrahepatic bile duct system and originating from small intrahepatic bile duct branches but invading the large hepatic pedicle Glisson’s capsule in the liver hilar region share similar tumor anatomical and biological characteristics. Defining these two types as central-type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma，to distinguish them from peripheral-type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma，which lacks the aforementioned pathological and anatomical characteristics. This classification facilitates the conduct of homogeneous clinical studies and the establishment of a more effective surgical treatment system.