The rate of adolescent obesity continues to increase, and metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) remains the most effective weight-loss option. While quality of life generally improves after surgery, adolescents’ physiological and psychological immaturity limits their understanding of the risks of obesity and the details of MBS. Additionally, their developmental stage heightens the need for multivitamins and trace elements, making them more susceptible to nutritional challenges and psychosocial issues after surgery. A large body of evidence indicates that severely obese adolescents who undergo MBS, as well as those who receive lifestyle interventions, are at risk of impaired mental health, eating disorders, and reduced health- and weight-related quality of life. Except for active psychosis, suicidal ideation, or substance abuse, these baseline psychosocial impairments are not considered contraindications to MBS. Moreover, despite significant postoperative weight loss and improvements in comorbidities, preoperative mental health functioning is likely to remain unchanged or only temporarily improve after surgery. Greater attention must therefore be given to mental health and nutritional challenges following surgery. Managing postoperative eating disorders and ensuring long-term follow-up requires a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach involving parents.
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