Fine hepatic anatomy is the core cornerstone for the development of precise liver surgery. Its integration with modern surgical techniques has promoted a transformation in the surgical treatment model for hepatobiliary diseases. Starting from the concept of precise surgery, the fine hepatic anatomy plays a crucial role in surgical decision-making, surgical planning and intraoperative operation. Digital surgical technology provides precise anatomical basis for preoperative planning and surgical operations of liver surgeries, bringing revolutionary changes to hepatobiliary surgery. In the future, with the development of digital and intelligent imaging technologies and their deep integration with clinical practice, precise liver surgery will move towards higher precision and better therapeutic effects.