The core advancements in refined anatomical research within gastric surgery involve: encompassing refined classification of the vascular and lymphatic systems, nerve preservation mechanisms, the application of membrane anatomy theory, individualized dissection strategies for splenic hilar lymph nodes, adaptability of minimally invasive techniques, and progress in function-preserving surgeries. Meanwhile, it details research progress in complication prevention and control, such as early warning for anastomotic leaks and postoperative gastric emptying disorders. The precision of gastric surgery fundamentally relies on an in-depth understanding of vascular, neural, lymphatic, and membrane anatomy. Therefore, future research necessitates integrating traditional anatomy with membrane anatomy theory, establishing multi-dimensional anatomical databases, and further combining artificial intelligence with real-time navigation technologies to advance the development of individualized and minimally invasive surgical techniques, ultimately improving patient quality of life.