肠瘘是切口疝修补术后的灾难性并发症，病人常伴有不同程度的腹壁及腹腔感染。后续继发的脓毒血症、全身炎性反应综合征（SIRS）及感染性休克等情况，严重威胁着病人生命安全。与普通肠瘘的处理不同，切口疝修补术中留置的人工合成补片增加了肠瘘后续处理的难度。肠瘘引发的腹腔感染是病人高死亡率的始动因素，尽早诊断和及时有效的外科干预是降低病人死亡率的关键。切口疝术后肠瘘的处理具有一定的复杂性和挑战性，基于损伤控制性手术（DCS）理念结合肠瘘病理生理特征制定的阶梯性治疗策略为切口疝术后肠瘘治疗提供了重要思路。

Intestinal fistula is a catastrophic complication after incisional hernia repair. Patients are often accompanied by abdominal wall and abdominal cavity infections of varying degrees, and subsequent sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and septic shock seriously threaten the safety of patients. Different from the conventional treatment of intestinal fistula, the artificial mesh retained in incisional hernia repair increases the difficulty of the subsequent management of intestinal fistula. Abdominal infection caused by intestinal fistula is the initial factor of high mortality. Early diagnosis and timely and effective surgical intervention are the key to reducing the mortality of patients. The management of intestinal fistula after incisional hernia is complicated and challenging. The stepped treatment strategy based on the concept of damage control surgery (DCS) combined with the pathophysiological characteristics of intestinal fistula provides an important idea for the treatment of intestinal fistula after incisional hernia.