关键词: 胆道肿瘤, 早期诊断, 手术切除, 药物治疗

Abstract: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are highly aggressive gastrointestinal malignancies originating from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts or gallbladder, and are associated with a very low five-year survival rate. Early detection and diagnosis are therefore crucial to achieving curative surgical treatment. However, the insidious onset of BTCs often leads to the absence of typical symptoms in most patients, with many presenting with locally advanced disease or distant metastasis upon diagnosis, thus precluding the option of curative surgery. This underscores the urgent need to identify earlier biomarkers and pursue precision medicine for patients with advanced disease. Although the prognosis for BTC remains poor, advances in molecular characterization techniques and the approval of emerging targeted therapies have reshaped the therapeutic outlook for advanced BTC, with up to 40% of BTCs harboring potentially targetable molecular alterations. Systematic analysis of the treatment progress of biliary tract cancer both domestically and internationally offers a new perspective for the further treatment of biliary tract tumors.

Key words: biliary tract cancer, early diagnosis, surgical resection, drug therapy