原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（PHPT）是引起高钙血症的最常见原因，可引起骨质疏松，肾结石，胃肠道、心血管及神经精神症状等。然而，PHPT的临床模式正在改变，在西方国家约80%的病人为轻度或无症状型PHPT。PHPT的诊断和定位主要依靠临床表现、实验室及影像学检查。对于有症状的PHPT病人治疗应首选甲状旁腺切除术，对于无症状的PHPT病人选择手术还是保守治疗，应该遵循个体化原则。

Attention to the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism        LIAO Quan, ZHAO Yu-pei. Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Corresponding author: ZHAO Yu-pei, E-mail: zhao8028@263.net
Abstract    Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common cause of hypercalcemia, which can cause osteoporosis, kidney stones, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, the clinical presentation of PHPT has changed and is mild or asymptomatic in up to 80 % of patients in Western countries. The procedure of diagnosis and localization for PHPT includes clinical examination, laboratory test and imaging techniques. Parathyroidectomy is the initial treatment choice for clinically symptomatic PHPT patients. The management of mild and asymptomatic PHPT patients should select surgical or conservative approach according to individualization principle.