围手术期病人常出现水盐电解质紊乱，导致机体的生理功能异常，如失水引起的低容量性休克、低钾引起的心律失常等，若长时间得不到纠正，则可能直接影响手术，导致手术延期、术后预后不佳、甚至可能危及生命。围手术期由于禁食、各种体液的丢失及大量补液时电解质补充不当，易引起水电解质紊乱，而危重病人病情复杂，难以单纯从临床表现判断水电解质紊乱情况，更多依靠寻找病因及生化等辅助检查判断水电解质紊乱情况，且严重的基础疾病使水电解质紊乱的纠正过程更加艰难。临床须重视围术期水电解质紊乱，做到早期诊断，及时纠正。

Water and salt electrolyte disorder：Perioperative identification and treatment        SHEN Zhen-ya，ZHOU Fa-chun，YANG Jie. Intensive Care Unit，the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University，Chongqing 400042，China
Corresponding author：ZHOU Fa-chun，E-mail：zfc88@126.com
Abstract    Water and salt electrolyte disorder often happens among perioperative patients，which can lead to abnormality of physiological functions，such as hypovolemic shock caused by dehydration，arrhythmia caused by low potassium, etc. If this disturbance cannot be rectified in time，it may affect surgery directly causing surgery delay，poor prognosis after surgery and even threat to life. During perioperative period， fluid and electrolyte imbalance is easy to happen due to abrosia，loss of fluids and improper electrolyte supplement in dehydration time. Critical patients’ condition is usually complicated，so it is hard to decide the conditions of water-electrolyte disturbance simply by clinic features. It often depends on searching the ill causes and biochemistry and so on to check and decide the conditions of water-electrolyte disturbance. Moreover，serious basic diseases make the process of water-electrolyte disturbance rectification harder. Replenish water electrolyte physiological requirements and additional loss，and dynamic monitoring of the electrolyte level，are effective methods to avoid the serious water electrolyte disorder. It should attach importance to water electrolyte disorder happened to perioperative patients，do early diagnosis，timely correcting.