普通外科围手术期呼吸系统感染十分常见，且导致病人病死率增高，延长住院时间。术后病人出现肺防御机制减弱、肺功能和膈肌功能改变，是病人易发生肺炎的病理生理基础。术前肺膨胀技术、术中预防、术后呼吸康复训练、止痛、防止反流误吸等措施可预防围手术期呼吸系统感染的发生。抗感染治疗仍是呼吸系统感染治疗的基础，需结合当地病原学资料及病人基础疾病早期应用初始经验性抗感染治疗，一旦明确病原体，即转为目标指导性治疗。积极控制原发疾病是治疗成功的关键因素。

Perioperative respiratory infections：Common causes and treatment principles        LI Yi-min, XI Yin. Department of Critical Care Medicine，the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University，Institute of Guangzhou Respiratory Disease，Guangzhou 510120，China
Corresponding author: LI Yi-min, E-mail: dryiminli@vip.163.com
Abstract    Perioperative respiratory infections are common complications in Department of General Surgery，which can increase mortality，prolong hospital stay. Postoperative patients are prone to pneumonia because of decreased pulmonary defense mechanisms，reduced lung function and dysfunction of diaphragm. Preoperative lung expansion technique，postoperative respiratory rehabilitation，analgesia，aspiration preventing can prevent from perioperative respiratory infection. Antibiotics are the most effective medicine for the treatment of respiratory infections. Initial empirical antimicrobial therapy must be application as early as possible according to the local bacterium spectrum and the patients’ underlying diseases. The antibiotics need to be adjusted according to outcomes of bacterial culture and drug-sensitivity test，named goal-directed treatment. The management of primary disease is a key factor in successful treatment.