目的    分析腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后并发症发生率及其相关因素。方法    回顾性分析新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院2008年4月至2012年4月间施行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的305例病人的临床资料，观察术后并发症发生情况，分析并发症组与无并发症组临床资料的差异。对发生术后并发症的危险因素进行多因素Logisitic回归分析。结果    305例病人出现并发症76例（24.9%）；单因素分析显示：病人的性别、发病年龄、术前合并症、肿瘤位置、TNM分期、新辅助治疗、术者手术经验及手术时间与腹腔镜直肠根治术后并发症相关（P<0.05）。多因素回归分析显示：性别、术前合并症、肿瘤位置、TNM分期和术者手术经验是影响术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。275例（90.2%）病人获得2～48（中位数24）个月的随访，并发症组与无并发症组的复发率和生存曲线差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论    影响腹腔镜直肠癌根治术并发症发生的独立危险因素为性别、术前合并症、肿瘤位置、TNM分期和术者手术经验。

Factors associated with complication after laparoscopic-assisted radical rectal surgery for rectal cancer                      LIU Lin, WANG Hai-jiang, ZHAO Ze-liang, et al. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
Corresponding author: WANG Hai-jiang，E-mail：wanghaijiang@medmail.com.cn
Abstract    Objective    To investigate factors associated with postoperative complications after laparoscopic-assisted radical rectal surgery in rectal cancer. Methods    The clinical data of 305 patients with rectal cancer performed laparoscopic-assisted radical resection from April 2008 to April 2012 in Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. All the data were analyzed by the t test，chi-square test，Fisher exact probability or Logistic regression model. Results    Postoperative complication occurred in 76 patients (24.9%). On univariate analysis, postoperative complication was associate with gender，age，preoperative comorbidity，location of tumor，TNM staging，neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy，operative time and surgeon experience（P＜0.05）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender，preoperative comorbidity，location of tumor，TNM staging and surgeon experience were independent risk factors for postoperative complications（P＜0.05）. Follow up was available in 275 patients (90.2%) with a median follow up of 24 months（rang，2-48months）. Differences in survival and recurrence rate between patients with and without postoperative complication were of no statistical significance （P >0.05）. Conclusion   Gender，preoperative comorbidity，location of tumor，TNM staging，surgeon experience were independent risk factors for postoperative complications in laparoscopic-assisted radical rectal surgery in rectal cancer.