软组织肉瘤的诊治已逐渐引起临床的重视，近年来，国内外也在不断总结经验，推出基于循证医学的诊治指南及策略，但在临床中仍经常遇到软组织肉瘤误诊和误治的情况，严重影响进一步的治疗，甚至危及病人的生存。在对软组织肉瘤治疗前进行活检明确病理诊断非常重要，但活检的必要性仍未得到充分认识，活检方式亦不尽合理。从治疗来看，手术仍占据主导地位，放化疗以及生物靶向治疗在不断发展但并未得到广泛应用，旧的观念需要更新从而针对不同亚型的软组织肉瘤病人实施最有利的个体化治疗。

Diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas: hot and difficult problems        WANG Ya-nong, CHEN Yong. Department of Gastric and Soft Tissue Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
Corresponding author: WANG Ya-nong, E-mail: wangyn1111@hotmail.com
Abstract    Diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) have evoked emphasis clinically with the incidence rate slightly increased recently. Despite various evidence-based medicine guidelines or strategies have been sponsored worldwide, misdiagnosis and mistreatment of STS, which would negatively impact further treatment and even patients' survival, are not uncommonly encountered. It's mandatory to obtain a histopathological diagnosis of STS by biopsy before definite treatment, but the importance of biopsy was underestimated and the methods of biopsy were not always rational. As to therapy, surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but a multidisciplinary treatment model has been accepted due to the emerging evidences supporting the use of chemoradiotherapy and target therapies. The optimized individualized treatment should be performed for STS according to different subtypes.