外科手术是治疗甲状腺疾病行之有效的主要方法，开始之初期，并发症发生率和手术死亡率均很高。经过几代人的努力与科技的进步，如今手术死亡率已降至0.3%以下，而术中、术后主要并发症总体发生率较高，报道不一，严重并发症发生率在20%左右。甲状腺结节与癌的发现率不断增加，手术例数相应增多，手术医院与手术人员日广，手术技术水平高低不一，均影响着并发症的发生。严重并发症常可致残甚至威胁病人生命，医疗纠纷频发，已引起国内外专家的注意。因此要求医生更加重视与防范甲状腺手术并发症发生，提高手术质量，并及时完善处理好已发生的并发症，确保手术真正的安全，从而提高病人的生存质量。

Pay more attention to the prophylaxis and treatment of thyroid operative complications        XU Shao-ming. Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou  310009, China
Abstract    Complication rates associated with thyroid surgery are very high today through analysis of relative references. Thyroid operative major complication rates are 20% or more among patients of thyroid operation and the mortality is less than 0.3%. Complications in some patients have caused important impacts on patients’ social lives. The complications associated with thyroid surgery must be kept in mind so that the surgeons can carefully evaluate the surgical and medical therapeutic options and have more precise surgical indications, and pay attention to prophylaxis of the thyroid operative complications eventually.