大部分无症状的良性甲状腺结节可以长期随访观察而无须特殊治疗。存在压迫等症状或有美容需求的病人则可行手术治疗。如果存在手术禁忌或是病人不愿手术，应考虑采取非手术治疗手段，包括定期随访、补碘、左旋甲状腺素疗法、放射性碘治疗、经皮乙醇注射疗法、镭射光凝疗法。其中定期随访、补碘、左旋甲状腺素治疗及中药治疗为主要的内科治疗手段。

Medical treatments for the management of benign thyroid nodules        ZHAO Yong-ju. Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
Abstract    Most thyroid nodules are cytologically benign and can be managed nonsurgically. Compression related symptoms or cosmetic problems may be indications for surgery. When surgery is contraindicated or refused, several nonsurgical approaches are available including surveillance, iodine supplement, levothyroxine therapy, traditional Chinese medicine，radioiodine treatment, percutaneous ethanol injections and percutaneous laser ablation. Surveillance, iodine supplement and levothyroxine therapy are the main medical treatments.