乳腺良性疾病因其高发病率、对妇女生活的严重影响以及其中某些类型的癌变可能而显得非常重要。尽管缺乏确切的流行病学资料，但目前的数据表明乳腺良性疾病的发病率和患病率较高。对于乳腺纤维腺瘤来说，手术时应兼顾年龄、是否妊娠、肿瘤大小以及病人的手术意愿。导管内乳头状瘤通常应行手术治疗，具体方式应根据病情而定。对有上皮不典型增生的乳腺（周围型）乳头状瘤，应予手术切除。浆细胞性乳腺炎和乳腺脂肪坏死的手术目的在于解除症状、取得病理诊断。乳腺囊性增生病较复杂，对症状较重、有乳腺癌高危因素以及疑有恶变者应手术治疗。

Operation indication and treatment principle of benign breast disease WU Zheng-yan, YANG Min. Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China Abstract Benign breast disease (BBD) is very important for its high incidence, serious interference with quality of life as well as potential canceration capacity of some types. Although there is no precise epidemiology document, data nowadays available suggest that the incidence and prevalence of BBD are high. Age, pregnancy or not, tumor size and patient’s concern should be considered before surgery for the fibroadenoma of the breast. Usually, surgery should be chosen for the breast intraductal papilloma, and operation style should be chosen based on the condition. Papillary lesions of the breast with atypical hyperplasia must be removed. The aim of surgical management for plasma cell mastitis and beast fat necrosis is to release the symptoms and get accurate pathological diagnosis. Cystic hyperplasia of the breast is complicated and surgery should be performed on the patients with serve symptoms, patients with high-risk of subsequent breast cancer or have been suspected to get the breast carcinoma.