目的:探讨喉不返神经临床解剖特点，总结甲状腺手术如何识别喉不返神经以及预防其损伤的经验。方法:对天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院甲状腺颈部肿瘤科2004年1月至2006年12月诊治的3637例甲状腺肿瘤进行回顾性研究，分析手术中寻找显露喉返神经的情况。结果:甲状腺手术中常规显露喉返神经2875例，术中从正常喉返神经入喉处及（或）循迷走神经主干寻找出喉不返神经7例，且7例均发生于右侧，发生率为0.24%。结论:喉不返神经的临床发生率较低，但仍应引起医生的重视；喉不返神经变异多发生于右侧颈部。

Objective:To explore the experience of anatomizing the nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve and how to discern and prevent the injury of this nerve in thyroid surgery. Methods:The clinical data of 3637 cases of thyroid tumor admitted from January 2004 to December 2006 in the Department of Thyroid &Neck Tumor of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital were analyzed retrospectively in exposing the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Results:Among all the cases,2875 cases were performed recurrent laryngeal nerve exposure.Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve in the rightlateral neck was found in 7 cases and the incidence was 0.24%. Conclusion:The clinical incidence of nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is low, but it should be paid more attention by surgeons.The nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves are always found in the rightlateral neck.