目的:探讨乳腔镜在乳腺癌保留乳房腋窝淋巴结清扫术中的手术方法及可行性。方法:2001年8月至2007年8月首都医科大学附属北京复兴医院普外科行保乳乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术治疗乳腺癌276例，同期行乳腺癌改良根治术142例，对比分析其治疗效果。结果:276例经乳腔镜完成腋窝淋巴结清扫，手术时间由2h缩短至40min以内，术后发生并发症2例；改良根治术组142例发生术后并发症27例,手术时间55~160min。结论:乳腺癌保留乳房手术使用乳腔镜进行腋窝淋巴结清扫术可以缩短手术时间、简化手术；在保证腋窝淋巴结清扫质量的同时降低了手术并发症发生率，达到了生理、心理的微创化，提高了病人的生活质量。乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术是可行的。

Objective:To study the standardized skill and feasibility of breastconserving assisted by mastoscopy and entirely mastoscopic axillary lymph node dissection. Methods:The clinical results and operation experiences between 276 cases of breastconserving surgery combined with mastoscopic axillary lymph node dissection and 142 cases of modified radical operation in the treatment of breast cancer were analyzed and compared.All the cases were admitted between August 2001 and August 2007 in Beijing Fuxing Hospital,Capital University of Medical Sciences. Results:In 276 cases of breastconserving surgery combined with mastoscopic lymph nodes dissection,the operation time was shortened from 2h originally to 40 min.The shortterm complications were appeared only in 2 cases.In 142 cases of modified radical operation of breast cancer,the shortterm complication were appeared in 27 cases. Conclusion:Using the mastoscopy in the breastconserving surgery combined with traditional axillary lymph node dissection can shorten the operation time and simplify the operation procedure.The method makes patients attain a physiological and psychological minimal invasiveness.Besides assuring the quality of axillary lymph node dissection,the method can reduce the occurrence of surgical complication and improve the patients’ life quality.Mastoscopic axillary lymph node dissection can replace the routine surgery and can be carried out in the conditional hospital.