目的:探讨直肠癌前切除术后并发症的预防和治疗。方法:回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学肿瘤医院1975年5月至2005年12月收治的行前切除术（AR）的915例直肠癌的临床资料，总结并发症的形式、相关因素、预防和治疗方法。结果:915例直肠癌前切除术后,共发生吻合口漏28例（3.06%，28/915），吻合口狭窄38例(4.15%，38/915)，术后早期吻合口大出血6例(0.66%，6/915)。吻合口漏的相关因素分析发现吻合口漏的发生与性别、吻合技术、中重度贫血和低蛋白血症密切相关(P<0.05)，而与年龄、肿瘤距肛缘距离、直肠癌扩大根治术无明显相关(P>0.05)。24例（85.7%，24/28）吻合口漏经保守治疗（双引流管冲洗）后治愈，5例（5/6）吻合口大出血立即再次手术，38例发生吻合口狭窄均经扩肛后好转。结论:直肠癌前切除手术虽然可以避免永久性人工肛门，但应重视其术后发生的吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄及吻合口大出血等并发症的预防和治疗。

Objective:To approach the prevention and the management to the complications of 915 patients with rectal cancer after Anterior Resection (A.R.) from May 1975 to 2005. Methods:The clinic data of 915 patients with rectal cancer who underwent anterior resection (AR) was analyzed. Results:After AR,28 of 915 patients (3.06%) suffered from stoma leak and 24 patients（85%,24/28）with stoma leak were cured by expectant treatment.Sex,stapler,serious anemia and serious hypoproteinemia were significantly correlated with stoma leak.6 of 915 patients (0.66%) suffered from stoma hemorrhoea and 5 patients (5/6) with stoma hemorrhoea were cured by operation.38 of 915 patients (4.15%) suffered from stoma stenosis and all relieved after enlarging anus. Conclusion:Stoma leak,stoma hemorrhoea and stoma stenosis were three serious complications of AR.in rectal cancer,so we must think high of them.