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15 October 2014, Volume 7 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Etiology and prevention of tooth or root shift into the neighboring space. LIU Ping，ZHOU Hong-zhi，HU Kai-jin，QIN Rui-feng 2014, 7(10): 577-580.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1751KB) ( )   Abstract：Tooth or root shift into the neighboring space is rare complications of extraction of teeth. It will bring physical and mental damage to patients. Because of the characteristics of oral and maxillofacial anatomy and the doctor's improper operation，the teeth or root were pushed into the corresponding soft tissue space，which caused the complications，such as postoperative pain，swelling，infection，limited mouth opening and fever. In this paper，the causes of complications of the clinical manifestations，treatment and prevention were discussed in detail，to provide the reference for clinical prevention and treatment of the complications.

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Etiology and prevention of tooth or root shift into the maxillary sinus and mandibular canal. MO Jing-zhen，ZHANG Shu-yin，ZHOU Hong-zhi，HU Kai-jin 2014, 7(10): 581-585.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (3000KB) ( )   Abstract：Teeth or root shift into the maxillary sinus and mandibular canal is a kind of severe complications of extraction of teeth. For example，shift into the maxillary sinus can not only cause perforation of maxillary sinus but may also cause the maxillary sinus infection；entering the mandibular canal can not only cause bleeding but also cause permanent numbness of lower lip because of the extrusion of inferior alveolar nerve vascular bundle. In this paper，the causes of complications of the clinical manifestations，treatment and prevention were discussed in detail，to provide the reference for clinical prevention and treatment of the complications.

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Causes and prevention：teeth and foreign body falling into airway or alimentary canal. WANG Tian-jue，HU Kai-jin，DING Yu-xiang 2014, 7(10): 585-588.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (896KB) ( )   Abstract：Displacement of teeth and foreign body into the airway and alimentary canal were the most serious complication during teeth extraction，which will result in medical dispute. This paper tried to elaborate the causes，risk factors，clinical characters and treatment of these complications，in order to provide references for prevention of these complications in tooth extraction.

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Causes and prevention of oroantral perforation and oroantral fistula. HE Feng，HU Kai-jin，ZHOU Hong-zhi 2014, 7(10): 588-591.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1452KB) ( )   Abstract：Oroantral perforation is one of the most common complications of extraction of teeth. Improper management can further lead to oroantral fistula and maxillary sinusitis，which will bring out a lot of discomfort to patients. How to prevent and treat oroantral perforation is a concerned issue for oral surgeons. This paper discussed the definition，causes，clinical manifestation，treatment and prevention of oroantral perforation and oroantral fistula.

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Medicine of mineralization. WANG Mei-qing 2014, 7(10): 592-595.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (866KB) ( )   Abstract：Medicine of mineralization is advanced here as a scientific branch of mineral research that refers to the formation of the hard tissues，such as bones and teeth，and hard tissues mineral problems，soft tissue calcification，and calculi，for their development，progress，diagnosis，treatment and prevention. It deals with the mineralization mechanisms and the clinical characters，holds tissue engineering of bones and teeth，and covers the hard tissue metabolisms researches that the special medicine refers to，such as those related to navigation，deep sea diving，exercises tournament and disuse. The design and repair of the prosthesises，the equipments of convalescence and rehabilitation are also included.

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Experimental study in vitro of the effect of maltitol on growth and acid production of Streptococcus mutans. ZHANG Yang*，ZHANG Ying，CHENG Rui-bo，RONG Wen-sheng 2014, 7(10): 596-599.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1054KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study the inhibitory effect of maltitol on growth and acid production of Streptococcus mutans（S.mutans）. Methods Four groups were included in this study，2.5% maltitol，xylitol，sucrose（positive control group）TYE culture medium and blank（negative control group）TYE culture medium. S.mutans were incubated respectively in four groups under anaerobic conditions. The OD（660 nm）and pH value of the mediums were measured in different culture time interval. Statistical analysis was made by SPSS 13.0 software. Results It was found that in maltitol group，xylitol group and blank control group，the growth and acid production of S.mutans were inhibited，while they were significant in sucrose group. Conclusion Maltitol can inhibit the growth and acid production of S.mutans，and can be used as a promising sweetener for preventing caries risk.

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Effect of raloxifene on the proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro. LUO Kai*，ZHENG Bao-yu，CHEN Yu-ling，ZHAO Xin，YAN Fu-hua 2014, 7(10): 600-603.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1548KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study the effects of raloxifene（RAL）on the proliferation and differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts（HPDLFs）in vitro. Methods The HPDLFs were cultured in vitro and the effect of 17β-estradiol（EST）and RAL on the proliferation and differentiation of HPDLFs were investigated. Results EST（10 nmol/L） and RAL（1 ~ 1000 nmol/L）were both able to enhance the HPDLFs proliferation（P < 0.01）. The maximally effective dose of RAL was 10 nmol/L. Compared with control groups，EST and RAL could significantly promote the alkaline phosphatase（ALP）expression（P < 0.01）and mineralized nodule formation of HPDLFs（P < 0.05）. The maximally effective dose of RAL at mineralized nodule formation was 100 nmol/L. Conclusion RAL has effect on the proliferation，differentiation and mineralized nodules formation of HPDLFs.

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Emergency management and prevention of systemic complications during implant treatment. ZHANG Ya-chi，HU Xiu-lian，YIN Li-na 2014, 7(10): 604-607.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (840KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the emergency management and prevention of systemic complications during implant treatment，and risk factors which may cause or enhance the oral implants systemic complications. Methods From January 2011 to December 2013，10 402 patients underwent oral implant rehabilitation，and 9 patients，including 6 males，3 females，showed systemic complications. The incidence rate was 0.09%. Among them anaphylactic shock occurred in two cases，sub-acute hypertensive crisis in three cases，swallow of the implant components in three cases，hyperventilation syndrome in one case. The emergency management and preventive measures were reviewed and analyzed. Results Nine patients were out of danger after timely treatment，and permanent implant restorations were delivered successfully. Conclusion Systemic diseases have a broad impact on the safety of implant treatment. To take the necessary precautions and learn basic first aid skills are the important guarantees to the success of the implant treatment.

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The application of digital software in preoperative simulation for patients with dentomaxillofacial deformities. YAN Guang-qi*，WANG Xue，YANG Ming-liang，ZHANG Bin，MA Jia，LU Li 2014, 7(10): 608-612.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (2157KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To make doctor perform operation accurately on patients with dentomaxillofacial deformity by preoperative simulation based on digital data which was collected by digital software. Methods Fifteen patients had previously undergone 3-dimensional computed tomography and the data from CT scan were input into digital software. We used the software to simulate operations preoperatively including fixing point，osteotomies and movements of jaw bones. The collected information from software was applied to actual operations. Results All the operations had been completed successfully without serious complication. The patients were satisfied with the effect of operation 6 months after operation，with a satisfaction rate of 93.3%. Conclusion The digital simulation technique is a precise method which provides practical and effective basis for establishing the preoperative planning of individual optimal surgical procedure for patients with dentomaxillofacial deformities in orthognathic surgery.

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Influence of Green Or on the vital pulp after crown preparation. CHEN Su-feng*，CHENG Hui 2014, 7(10): 613-616.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1086KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study vital pulp response after 1 week and 2 weeks of Green Or applied to the surface of porcelain fused to matal crown（PFM）preparations. Methods From 2012 January to 2013 August，15 patients were selected in the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital，Fujian Medical University. Totally 40 biscuspids（20 pairs of human biscuspids， of which every 2 teeth were from the same patient and the same jaw），scheduled to be extracted for the orthodontic reasons，were prepared for PFM. Every pair of teeth was divided into 2 groups. In the control group，the temporary crowns were cemented with zinc oxide eugenol. In the testing group，Green Or was applied on the surface of preparations before the temporary crowns were cemented with zinc oxide eugenol. At 1 week and 2 weeks all the teeth were extracted and prepared according to normal histologic techniques. Serial sections were stained with HE. The intensity of the pulp response was evaluated by light microscope. The remaining dentine thickness（RDT）was measured for each tooth specimen using a light microscope adapted to a video-camera. Results After the period of 1 week and 2 weeks，little difference of RDT was found in the control group and in the testing group（P > 0.05）. After the period of 1 week of post-operation，the control group had more intense imflammatory cellular response than the testing group（P < 0.05）. Whereas little difference of pulpal response was found in the control group and in the testing group after the period of 2 weeks（P > 0.05）. After the period of 1 week and 2 weeks，none of the specimens showed tertiary dentine secretion. Conclusion Green Or relieves the intensity of the vital pulpal imflammatory response after 1 week of full crown preparation.

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Analysis of the level of inflammatory cytokines and glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with chronic periodontitis complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. WU Liu-zhong，ZHANG Gui-rong，MA Tian-chi，ZHAO Xiang-yu 2014, 7(10): 617-620.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (842KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the relation ship between inflammatory cytokines and periodontal inflammation before and after periodontal treatment and discuss whether periodontal treatment could improve the level of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with chronic periodontitis complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）by reducing the level of inflammatory cytokines. Methods Totally 135 patients with chronic periodontitis were chosen from March 2012 to September 2013 in Stomatological Hospital of Shenyang，of whom there were 63 patients with T2DM（T2DM group） and 72 patients with only chronic periodontitis（CP group）. Fifty periodontal healthy individuals were chosen from Medical Center in Stomatological Hospital of Shenyang as the normal control group. Prior to periodontal treatment and for 3 months after treatment，determine periodontal status of each group and serum inflammatory cytokines and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) levels，and make comparative analysis of the test results. Results Periodontal treatment could improve the periodontal health in patients with periodontitis and reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines. Serum inflammatory cytokines CRP，TNF-α and IL-6 levels of T2DM group and CP group after periodontal therapy for 3 months were significantly decreased，the difference being statistically significant（P < 0.05）. Conclusion For T2DM patients with chronic periodontitis，periodontal treatment can improve periodontal status and general health of the patient，thereby reduce the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications.

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Effects of CarisolvⅢ caries removal method on dentin bonding strength. ZHU Xiao-hua，SHAO Li-na，QIU Li-hong，ZHAN Fu-liang 2014, 7(10): 621-624.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (856KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study the effects of CarisolvⅢ caries removal method on micro-tensile bond strength of resin fillings to the carity dentin. Methods The study was carried out in School of Stomatology，China Medical University from March to June 2014. Forty extracted human molars with caries were used. Each molar was split into two parts，one part was prepared by CarisolvⅢ and the other part was prepared by the low-speed burs. For each group，the samples were randomly divided into two sub-groups. One was treated with 3M ESPE and restored with 3M Z350 rensin. The other group was treated with Single Bond 2 and restored with 3M Z350 rensin. MTBS of the two adhesive systems were tested. Results The MTBS of the two adhensive systems were（19.50 ± 6.83）MPa and（24.35 ± 7.97）MPa in CarisolvⅢ group， treated with 3M ESPE and Single Bond 2，respectively，and（18.10 ± 7.55）MPa and （23.50 ± 8.33）MPa in burs group. There was no significant difference in MTBS between CarisolvⅢ group and bur group. Conclusion Carisolv caries shows the same MTBS as the traditional removal method by burs.

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Analysis of colonization of oral fungi in HIV/AIDS patients. CHEN Yue 2014, 7(10): 625-627.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (826KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To explore the colonization and species distribution of oral fungi in HIV/AIDS patients，and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of fungal infection in patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods Thirty cases of patients with HIV/AIDS in infection department in our hospital from June 2013 to December 2013 were collected，oral secretions were collected by throat swab method，and oral fungal colonization status was analyzed by fungal culture test. Results In 30 cases of HIV/AIDS patients，19 cases were positive carriers and the positive rate was 63.3%. Among them，15 cases carried candida albicans（78.9%）. The age of positive carriers was 2 ~ 52 years old. Thirteen cases were male（68.4%）and 6 cases were female（31.6%）. The ratio of male to female was 2.17∶1. There were 15 cases of Uygur patients（78.9%）and 4 cases of Han（21.1%）. Conclusion Candida albicans is the major fungal strain colonized in oral cavity in HIV/AIDS patients. The age of positive carriers is widely distributed.

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Keywords：residual root；maxillary sinus；long-term complication；traditional operation method；endoscope 2014, 7(10): 628-629.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (793KB) ( )

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Research progress on smoking contributing to the periodontal infection. GE Zi-ming，PAN Ya-ping 2014, 7(10): 630-634.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (887KB) ( )   Abstract：Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis. It impacts periodontitis from multiple aspects. The effect of smoking on periodontal flora，inflammatory mediators，periodontal infection process，the treatment and the prognosis，and the relationship between passive smoking and periodontitis are reviewed in this paper.

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The influencing factors and determination methods of the coefficient of thermal expansion of light-cured dental resins SONG Ai-yang， GONG Hai-huan， FENG Dan， JIN Jie， YU Jian， ZHU Song. 2014, 7(10): 635-638.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (840KB) ( )   Abstract： The thermal expansion coefficient of the light-cured dental resins is one of the major determining elements in forming a stabilized binding between the composite resin and teeth. At present，the clinically available light-cured dental resins have a relatively higher thermal expansion coefficient than that of dentin and enamel which will affect the restorative effects of the light-cured dental resins. A series of factors contribute to the thermal expansion coefficient，including internal factors，such as the components，degree of conversion and cross-linking density. The external factors include the thickness of the resin and the power density of the curing light. The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive and illustrative review of the influence factors and determination methods of the thermal expansion coefficient of the light-cured dental resins.

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Keywords：amelogenesis imperfecta，AI；temporomandibular joint disorders，TMD 2014, 7(10): 639-640.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.10.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1286KB) ( )