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15 September 2014, Volume 7 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Basic principles on preventing tooth extraction complications. LI Yong-feng， ZHOU Hong-zhi， HU Kai-jin 2014, 7(9): 513-516.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (889KB) ( )   Abstract：Tooth extraction is the most common therapeutic procedure in the oral and maxillofacial surgery. Owing to the specificity of the oral and maxillofacial region， some complications would occur during procedure of tooth extraction. This paper tried to elaborate the basic characteristics of tooth extraction， common operation mistakes， types of complication， and basic principles during tooth extraction， in order to provide references for prevention of these complications in tooth extraction.

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Causes and prevention of mental nerve， buccal nerve and the nasopalatine nerve injury. DENG Tian-ge， ZHOU Hong-zhi， HU Kai-jin，QIN Rui-feng 2014, 7(9): 517-520.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (883KB) ( )   Abstract： The mental nerve（MN），buccal nerve（BN）and nasopalatine nerve（NPN） are the part of the peripheral nerve. Peripheral nerve injury are a series of symptoms or diseases that are caused by various factors which peripheral nerve tissue injury. The injury of BN and NPN can recover quickly and has no bad effect. However， paresthesis is the most severe complication with MN injury， which causes severe influence on patients’work and life. This article will introduce common complications of clinical MN， BN and NPN injury in detail， including the causes of complications， the clinical manifestations， diagnosis， clinical treatment methods and precautionary measures.

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Causes and prevention of lingual nerve injury. WU Di， HU Kai-jin， ZHOU Hong-zhi， DING Yu-xiang 2014, 7(9): 521-523.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (881KB) ( )   Abstract： Lingual nerve injury is one of the common neurological damage during the extraction of mandibular third molars， whose incidence was reported between 0.4% and 25%. The injury of the lingual nerve leads to temporary or permanent numbness of the ipsilateral anterior two thirds of the tongue and taste disturbance. In the clinical work， great importance should be attached to the prevention of lingual nerve injury.

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Causes and prevention of inferior alveolar nerve injury. ZHANG Zong-min， HU Kai-jin， ZHOU Hong-zhi 2014, 7(9): 523-527.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1174KB) ( )   Abstract：Mandibular wisdom tooth extraction is the most common procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Postoperative complications caused by wisdom tooth extraction is relatively common. The inferior alveolar nerve （IAN） injury is more serious complications. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of the IAN， accurate preoperative assessment and appropriate surgical approach may be effective in preventing this complication. When the IAN nerve is injured， clinical diagnosis and treatment selection will also affect the late recovery.

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Ultrastructural and Ca， P changes of the regenerated bone after alveolar distraction osteogenesis in canine model. ZHOU Miao*， CHE Yue-juan,HUANG Dai-ying， PIAO Zheng-guo,YU Xiao-wei， CHEN Song-ling 2014, 7(9): 528-531.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1493KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate bone regeneration and remodeling of alveolar distraction osteogenesis （ADO），providing experiment evidence for the clinical application of ADO fechnique. Methods The experiment is performed in the Experimental Animal Center of the 1st Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Twelve healthy adult mongrel canines were provided， and they received posterior teeth extraction and alveoplasty in mandible to establish an atrophy alveolar model. After 3 months， a segmental alveolar osteotomy was made in the randomly selected unilateral atrophy alveolar and two alveolar distractors were placed. After a 7-day latency period， the alveolar ridge was augmented at a rate of 1.0 mm/d for 5 days. After a consolidation of 4， 8， and 12 weeks， the canines were sacrificed and the specimens of the distracted alveolar were harvested for scanning electron microscopic （SEM） study and element spectrum analysis of Ca， P contents. Results The distraction chamber revealed a distinctive dynamic ossification progress by SEM， early ossification stage in 1 to 4 weeks， intermediate stage of 4 to 8 weeks， and later remodeling stage of 8 to 12 weeks. Spectrum analysis indicated the maturation process of the alveolar distraction zone with gradient increase of Ca， P content，which was comparable to host bone at 12 weeks after distraction. Conclusion New bone is formed and gradually remodeled during the consolidation period of ADO， and mature at 12 weeks.

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Effect of periodontal initial therapy on IL-1β and RANKL-OPG in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and secondary occlusal trauma. ZHANG Ming-ye，WANG Feng，YANG Rui-hua，WANG Peng-cheng，LIN Song-shan 2014, 7(9): 532-537.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (965KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the effect of different periodontal initial therapy on levels of IL-1β and RANKL-OPG in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis and secondary occlusal trauma. Methods Eighteen patients with moderate-severe chronic periodontitis and secondary occlusal trauma were included and randomly divided into group A（9） and group B（9）. On day 0，group A was treated by full-mouth subgingival scaling and root planning while group B was treated by occlusal adjustment therapy in occlusal trauma site. On day 28，group A was treated by occlusal adjustment in occlusal trauma site while group B was treated by full-mouth SRP.The gingival crevicular fluid was collected on day 0，28 and 56 in occlusal trauma site. The level of IL-1β and RANKL-OPG in GCF from 18 patients were determined by ELISA.Data was statistically analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software for Student’s T test and analysis of covariance. Results Levels of IL-1β in GCF were significantly decreased after SRP therapy（P＜0.05）；however，levels of RANKL and OPG were increased（P＜0.05）. After occlusal adjustment therapy，levels of IL-1β and RANKL-OPG in GCF were significantly decreased（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Levels of IL-1β and RANKL-OPG in GCF are decreased after occlusal adjustment therapy，which indicates that occlusal adjustment therapy may help to inhibit periodontal bone destruction.

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Study on expression of Caspase-3 in the tissue of labial glands of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. BAO Hui-qi， ZHANG Ying， PENG Chuan-yang， KANG Yuan-yuan 2014, 7(9): 538-540.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1098KB) ( )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the expression of Caspase-3 in the the tissue of labial glands of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome （pSS） and explore the effects of Caspase-3 on pSS. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used respectively to examine Caspase-3 protein in labial glands in 60 patients with pSS and 25 patients with non-pSS；make an analysis of their differences. SPSS17.0 software package was used for χ2 test. Results The expression levels of Caspase-3 protein in patients with pSS were obviously higher than those in patients with non-pSS （ P＜ 0.05）. There was significant difference between the two group. Conclusions Caspase-3 expresses abnormally in the labial glands of patients with pSS．

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Expression of PTTG1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and DONG Hui*，XIANG Bin，YING Xiao-xia 2014, 7(9): 541-544.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (882KB) ( )   Abstract： Objective To investigate the expression of PTTG1 and its promoting effect for epithelial mesenchymal transition （EMT） in oral squamous cell carcinoma， OSCC. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR （qRT-PCR） was carried out to detect the mRNA expression level of PTTG1 for 58 pairs of OSCC and normal control tissues. RNAi was used to knockdown PTTG1 expression in SCC9 cell line. E-cadherin level was detected before and after RNAi， using western blot. Results The relative expression of PTTG1 in OSCC tissues（3.046±1.137）was significantly higher than that of normal tissues （0.975±0.434）（P < 0.05）. Overexpression was closely related to the lymph node metastasis and clinical stage （P < 0.05）. E-cadherin level decreased remarkably after the knockdown of PTTG1 in SCC9 cell （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The overexpression of PTTG1 in OSCC patients is closely related to OSCC clinical stage and lymph node metastasis， which promotes EMT progress.

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The efficacy of treatment of intralesional injection of pingyangmycin with different concentrations for lymphatic malformations in oral and maxillofacial region. XU Da-peng，XUE Lei， TONG Shuang， CHENG Chen， GONG He， WANG Hong-wei， WANG Xu-kai 2014, 7(9): 545-548.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1112KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of intralesional injection of different concentrations of pingyangmycin for lymphatic malformations in oral and maxillofacial region. Methods From January 2006 to May 2013， eighty-two patients with lymphatic malformations of oral and maxillofacial region who had been treated with intralesional injection of different concentrations of pingyangmycin were retrospectively analyzed. For microcystic lymphatic malformation， the concentration of pingyangmycin was 8mg/8mL；for macrocystic lymphatic malformation （less than 5cm） and mixed lymphatic malformation， the concentration of the drug was 8mg/5mL，while 8mg/3mL for macrocystic lymphatic malformation（more than 5cm）. The follow-up period was 6 months to 3 years after the last treatment. Results The clinical cure rate of microcystic lymphatic malformation， macrocystic lymphatic malformation （less than 5cm）， macrocystic lymphatic malformation （more than 5cm）， and mixed lymphatic malformation was 43.3%， 93.3%， 88.9%， and 60% respectively. Local swelling happened in all patients and four patients had fever as well as ulceration found in one patient. There were no pulmonary fibrosis， or other serious complications. Conclusion Using appropriate concentration of pingyangmycin for lymphatic malformations in different types and different sizes of the same type can not only improve the efficacy and shorten the course of treatment but also reduce the incidence of complications.

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Study on the clinical effect of the treatment of extracting the impacted third molar for college students with temporomandibular disorders. GE Guang-hua*，LI Jin-fang，JIANG Xiao-ping，LI Man-wen 2014, 7(9): 549-551.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (831KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study the clinical effect of the treatment for college students with temporomandibular disorders （TMD） by extracting the impacted third molar. Methods Totally 136 patients with TMD and impacted third molar patients were chosen as the research subjects since the September of 2009，who were randomly divided into experimental group and control group， with 68 patients in each group. The experimental group was treated comprehensively with psychological+medical+physical+extraction of impacted third molar therapy，while the control group was treated without extracting the impacted third molar. One-year follow-up observation was made after the treatment. Results The effective rate for the experimental group was 91.2% while the control group 78%. The difference of effective rates between the two groups was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. Conclusion Extraction of impacted third molar can effectively treat college students’ TMD and thus should be regarded as one of the major therapies.

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Quantitative analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of replanted avulsed tooth. HU Bi-bo，REN Xue-rui，WEI Li-min，WANG Jian-feng 2014, 7(9): 552-554.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (825KB) ( )   Abstract： Objective To investigate MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in gingival crevicular fluid of replanted avulsed incisors，and to study the difference at different stages after replantation. Methods Totally twenty replanted avulsed teeth from children aged 7 to 13 were chosen randomly； replant and splint the avulsed teeth according to guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.Ⅱ. Avulsion of permanent teeth， International Dental Truman Association.MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentration was measured respectively at the first， third and seventh day after replantation；the difference among three stages were compared. MMP-2∶TIMP-2 ratio was also compared among three stages. Results MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentration at first day was significantly higher than those of third and seventh day；the MMP-2∶TIMP-2 ratio at first day was significantly higher than that at third and seventh day. Conclusion MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentration in replanted avulsed upper incisor dramatically changes in the early stage after replantation， indicting that MMP-2 and TIMP-2 may play an important role in reconstruction of periodontal tissues.

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The diagnostic value of salivary ECT in patients with non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases. CHANG Meng-zu*， XI Hong， WU Chuan-bin， ZHOU Qing 2014, 7(9): 555-558.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1102KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of ECT in patients with salivary gland diseases. Methods Totally 52 patients with salivary gland disease （30 parotitis， 15 submandibular gland calculi， 7 Sjogren's syndrome）were selected to this retrospective study from Dec. 2010 to Dec. 2013. All the patients had ECT and other routine examinations before operation. Comparison was made among them to find out the diagnostic value of ECT. Results In parotitis，ECT revealed decrease in excretion with affected glands of different extent， showing obstruction in the duct；in sialolithiasis，ECT revealed apparent decrease in excretion with affected glands， and 5 patients' uptake also decreased；in Sjogren's syndrome， ECT revealed abnormal uptake and excretion with the four glands. Conclusion ECT plays an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of salivary disease and provids a valuable basis in treating salivary gland diseases.

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Recent research progress of the correlation between HMGB1 and periodontal disease， HMGB1 and diabetes-associated periodontitis. SHAN Wei*， ZHAO Li-juan 2014, 7(9): 561-565.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (854KB) ( )   Abstract： High mobility group box 1 （HMGB1） as a member of high mobility group protein （HMG） family is one of the most abundant nuclear non-histone proteins. Recent studies have suggested that HMGB1 as a late inflammatory mediator plays a critical role in the occurrence and progression of periodontal disease and diabetes-associated periodontitis. This article will review the biological characteristics of HMGB1 and research status of relationship between HMGB1 and periodontal disease， HMGB1 and diabetes-associated periodontitis.

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Research progress in infected root canals. HUANG Yan-hua， GE Jiu-yu 2014, 7(9): 572-576.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.09.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (894KB) ( )   Abstract： Infected root canal mainly refers to the bacterial colonization in root canal system and penetration into the dentinal tubules， to be mixed flora habitat， especially suitable for the anaerobic survival， resulting in pulp and periapical lesions， which will bring certain difficulty to the doctor during the process of treatment. In order to effectively treat dental pulp periapical disease， it is necessary to understand the basic characteristics of infected root canals. The recent progress of infected root canals was reviewed in this article.