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15 August 2014, Volume 7 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Treatment of posterior crossbite malocclusions by extraction therapy. DUAN Yin-zhong，SHEN Shu-ning 2014, 7(8): 449-453.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (4718KB) ( )   Abstract： Treatment of the posterior crossbite needs the extraction of some teeth thus it can get good results. The authors give some clinical ideas：（1）It is the better way for us to choose the extraction therapy on the upper and lower dentitions；（2）To treat the 2nd molar malocclusion，first remove the 3rd molar；（3）Sometimes we can extract the malposition teeth，such as 2nd crossbite tooth and let the 3rd molar drift to the normal position automatically；（4）In order to avoid interrupting occlusions，use the bite-plate during treatment of the posterior crossbite malocclusions.

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Orthodontic treatment of multi-tooth scissor crossbite. LIU Lin*，CHEN Wen-li，CUI Yan 2014, 7(8): 454-458.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (870KB) ( )   Abstract：Scissor crossbite refers to an irregular occlusion，in which the mandibular molar cusps are telescoped within the lingual side of the maxillary molars or the other way around，so that there is no intercuspation of the maxillary and mandibular molars. Generally the former occlusion is more common. As it does not affect aesthetics，both patients and their parents or guardians may be unaware of the malocclusion. Sagittal，vertial and transversal dimensions of the maxilla and mandible altered in multi-tooth scissor crossbite patients，resulting in TMD，facial asymmetry，divergence of the occlusal plane and other malocclusion. Chewing function is also affected in the crossbite side. In subsequent craniofacial development，malocclusion would not be improved leading to a more complicated treatment sequence. Early intervention moves teeth by simple appliances，through which occlusion guidance and muscle balance keep the mandible function well，avoiding the aggravation of malocclusion and deformity.

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Scissors-bite correction with orthodontic mini-implants. LIU Xin 2014, 7(8): 459-462.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (3881KB) ( )   Abstract：Scissors-bite applies to total maxillary buccal or mandibular lingual crossbite，it might manifest itself in unilateral or bilateral crossbite. Scissors-bite correction on second molar has been always a tough problem. This report mainly introduces some approaches with mini implants to correct second molar scissors-bite，they are buccal tipping or lingual tipping with overextrusion of the maxillary molar，buccal tipping with overextrusion of the mandibular molar. It also details some solutions with mini implants to correct scissors-bite with mesially inclined maxillary and mandibular molars，and dentition crowding.

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Discussion of related factors on maxillary sinus elevation surgery in the elderly. ZHANG Jin-jing，DAI Yong-yu. 2014, 7(8): 462-466.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (847KB) ( )   Abstract：As progress on aging and dental implant technology in our society，the proportion of taking maxillary sinus elevation surgery becomes higher in the elderly. To evaluate the risk factors comprehensively before surgery will help to increase the success rate of implantation. The dentists need to totally know the general and local medical history of the old patients；the quality and quantity of bones，the relationship between jaws，as well as the anatomic and physiological status of maxillary sinus before surgery. Dentists should also master the correct surgical technology，bone graft plan，and the suitable time of implantation. This article will discuss the above factors related to maxillary sinus elevation surgery in the elderly.

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Evaluation of curative effect of initial therapy on the patients with aggressive periodontitis. ZHANG Peng，XIAO Jian-ping，TAN Bao-chun 2014, 7(8): 467-470.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1516KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of periodontal initial therapy for the patients with aggressive periodontitis. Methods A total of 58 patients with aggressive periodontitis were chosen for the study from the patients referred to the Department of Periodontology of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital. From February 2011 to June 2012，all subjects were performed periodontal initial therapy. Probing depth（PD），clinical attachment loss（CAL），bleeding on probing（BOP），gingival ression（GR） and tooth mobility were recorded at baseline，3 and 6 months after initial treatment. Results At 3 months after periodontal initial therapy，there were more significant improvements in PD and CAL than those at the baseline（P＜0.05）. At 6 months after periodontal initial therapy，there were more significant improvements in PD，CAL and CR than those at the baseline（P＜0.05）. At 3 and 6 months after periodontal initial therapy，the proportion of deep periodongtal pockets and BOP had more significant decrease than those at the baseline（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Periodontal initial therapy shows effectiveness in treatment of aggressive periodontitis in the short and mid-term.

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The relationship between the serum level of PON-1，IL-6 and periodontal diseases. SUN Xiao-ju，LIU Xu，ZHANG Ying-kun，WANG Yun，XIE Hong. 2014, 7(8): 471-474.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (837KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective By analysis of serum interleutin-6（IL-6）level and serum paraoxonase-1 （PON1）activity in advanced periodontitis，to explore the possible associations between periodontitis and content of IL-6 level and PON1 activity in serum，and detect their possible effect on the processes of periodontitis. Methods Thirty healthy volunteers and 39 patients who were diagnosed with advanced periodontitis were enrolled in the study. Results The periodontal clinical parameters（BI，PD）and serum IL-6 level in periodontal health group and periodontitis group before treatment had statistically significant difference（P＜0.05），but there were no significant differences in serum PON1 activity in the two groups. There were no significant differences in all the parameters measured before and after treatment in the periodontal healthy group. The changes of the parameters in the advanced periodontitis group before and after treatment had statistical difference. The periodontal clinical parameters（BI，PD），serum IL-6 level and PON1 activity had statistically significant difference（P＜0.05）. Conclusion The PON1 activity in patients with advanced periodontitis shows no significant difference from those in the periodontal healthy group（P＞0.05）. The periodontal foundation treatment is helpful in improving periodontal status and increasing the serum PON1 activity while decreasing the serum IL-6 level in patients with advanced periodontitis. The difference of the IL-6 level in serum is negatively associated with the PON1 activity changes in serum before and after the basic periodontal therapy.

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The retrospective study of the treatment of bimaxillary protrusion with micro-implant anchorage technique. YANG Yi-fan*，YANG Lei，DING Yin. 2014, 7(8): 475-478.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (954KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To observe the cepholemetric and soft-tissue results of microscrew implant anchorage and TPA＋Nance orthodontic anchorage in the treatment of bimaxillary protrusion，and to evaluate the effect of microscrew implant anchorage. Methods The 62 adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion were divided into two groups；38 patients were reinforced with microscrew and 24 patients with TPA＋Nance orthodontic anchorage respectively. The cephalometric and soft-tissue results of the patients before and after treatment with two measures were evaluated. Results The treatment time of two groups was not significantly different. All the facial profile in the sagittal direction was improved significantly. In the microscrew implant anchorage group，the edge of upper and lower incisors was retracted 7.23 and 5.89 mm；the points of prosthion and infradental were retracted 3.61 and 2.78 mm；the points of Labrale superior and Labrale inferior were retracted 3.21 and 2.24 mm respectively. In the TPA＋Nance orthodontic anchorage group，the edge of upper and lower incisors was retracted 4.62 and 4.17 mm；the points of prosthion and infradental were retracted 1.93 and 1.67 mm；the points of Labrale superior and Labrale inferior were retracted 2.13 and 1.82 mm respectively. The retraction results in the microscrew implant anchorage group were superior to the TPA＋Nance orthodontic anchorage group（P＜0.01）.There were no significant differences between the two anchorage groups（P＞0.05）. Conclusion The retraction results of the dental arch，lips and alveolar in the microscrew implant anchorage group are superior to the TPA＋Nance orthodontic anchorage group in the treatment of bimaxillary protrusion.

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Observation of the maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root canal system by using cone beam computed tomography. LIU Wen-fei，CUI Guang，GONG Lin 2014, 7(8): 479-481.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (871KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate incidence of MB2 in the maxillary first molar，mesiobucaal root canal morphology and locations of mesiobucaal root canal orifices by using cone beam computed tomography. Methods Choose 160 CBCT images（male 80，female 80）randomly from the image database aged from 20 years old to 30 years old. Observe mesiobuccal root canal system and categorize them by Vertucci’s classification. Locate root canal orifices from a horizontal angle and record the distance between root canal orifices of MB，MB2 and Palatine and the angle between MB-P and MB2-P.Compare the statistical differences between male and female. Results There were 233 teeth having MB2 out of 279 teeth and the incidence of MB2 was 83.5%. Different types of canals had different incidence. Evidence showed there were no differences between male and female. The distance between MB and MB2，however，was different between male and female. Conclusion The incidence of MB2 in the maxillary first molar is high. There are no statistical differences of different types of canal system between genders. Male and female have different distance of MB-MB2.

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Expression of BMP-1 and Noggin in periodontal tissue during tooth movement. ZOU Cong，LIANG Yuan，CHANG Xin. 2014, 7(8): 482-486.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1370KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the role and relationship between BMP-1 and Noggin in bone formation. Methods Establish two types of orthodontic tooth movement models using incisors and implants as the anchorage part respectively. Measure the distance of tooth movement. The tissue was stained with HE to observe the histological changes of periodontal tissues. Immunohistochemical assay was used to determine BMP-1 and Noggin levels. And the result was analyzed by statistic test. Results The distance of tooth movement between two models was different. BMP-1 and Noggin had the same temporal and spatial expression profiles during the orthodontic tooth movement. The expression of them were clearly upregulated in the early phase and then decreased. The expressions of them at the tension side were much more obvious than the pressure side. They reached the peak on day 7，then decreased gradually，and the expression was almost equal to the control group on day 28. Conclusion The tooth movement model using implant as the anchorage is better than the traditional one. BMP-1 and Noggin are both involved in the rat bone remodeling，and play a very important role.

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Influence of psychosocial intervention on juvenile patients in psychososis and orthodontic treatment. WANG Su-qin*，CHENG Zhao-ming，YAN Xiang 2014, 7(8): 487-489.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (810KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To explore the influence of psychological intervention on juvenile patients in psychology and orthodontic treatment. Methods A total of 62 juvenile patients receiving orthodontic treatment were divided equally into two groups. Patients in control group only received routine orthodontic treatment and were told something to be noted，while patients in experimental group received psychological intervention and orthodontic treatment. A comparative study was carried out according to the Self-rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）and Self-rating Depression Scale（SDS）. Results There were higher prevalence of anxiety and depression in juvenile patients before receiving orthodontic treatment，and there was no significant difference between two groups. The psychological intervention patients in experimental group had lower scores than the control group in both SAS and SDS（P＜0.05），and there was significant difference between two groups. After nearly 2 years of treatment，there was also significant difference between two groups in the treatment effect. Conclusion Psychological intervention can reduce the anxiety and depression of patients receiving orthodontic treatment and has greatly improved the curative effect of orthodontic treatment.

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Determination and analysis of Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus in the infected root canals of teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis. PENG Yi-chun，LI Yue，LIU Nai-yu 2014, 7(8): 490-492.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (842KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To detect preponderant bacterium in the root canals of chronic periapical periodontitis by a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（PCR-DGGE）approach，and analyze the relationship between Prevotella intermedia， Streptococcus and the clinical symptoms. Methods Clinical samples were collected from the root canals of 27 teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis. DNAs were extracted from the samples and identified by PCR-DGGE. Results All samples were positive in the presence of bacteria and 17 samples contained one or more of the detected bacterium（62.96%）.The detection rates of Prevotella intermedia were higher in symptomatic cases while Streptococcus lower（P＜0.05）.Conclusion Anaerobic organisms are detected from canal samples of periapical periodontitis at high rates. In the root canals，Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus have significant relationship with the presence or absence of clinical symptoms.

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Analysis of craniofacial characteristics of classⅡand Ⅲ malocclusion in early permanent dentition. YU Lei，YU Shan，ZHU Gang. 2014, 7(8): 493-495.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (806KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To analyze craniofacial characteristics of hard and soft tissue of class Ⅱand Ⅲ malocclusions in early permanent dentition，so as to find out the key points in orthodontics. Methods A total of 80 Han adolescents with malocclusion， who visited Zigong No 4 People’s Hospital Dental Clinic during 2000 to 2012， were chosen. They were divided into classⅡand class Ⅲ groups， each group containing 40 patients; meanwhile， 40 normal adolescents in Zigong elementary and secondary school students’oral health survey were chosen as the control group. Seven soft tissue and 16 hard tissue measurements were used to analyze the cephalometric characteristics. Results Compared with the control group，except 7 hard tissue measurements，the rest of classⅡ group had significantly statistical differences（P＜0.05）；in class Ⅲ group，there were 9 hard tissue and 5 soft tissue items which were statistically significant（P＜0.05）. Conclusion There are typical craniofacial characteristics in different malocclusions，therefore doctors should correct the teeth and bones’abnormity properly and coordinate soft tissue to achieve the harmonious and beautiful profile.

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Research progress of how to establish ideal interface around implant. SUN Dong-mei，ZHU Li 2014, 7(8): 498-501.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (829KB) ( )   Abstract：Natural tooth is replaced by Implants to recover the function, there are a series of reactions between implant and hard and soft tissue around implant，as a result,it reform some interfaces such as implant-soft tissue interface，implant-hard tissue interface and implant-abutment interface. Biological width as part of the implant-soft tissue interface is formed around the implant-abutment interface，and maybe associated with bone absorption around implant-bone interface. The interaction between the three interfaces will affect the implant bone level，and also is the key factor to decide if the implant prosthesis will be successful.

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Development history and current status of clinical dental photography in China. WEI Jin-qi，LIU Feng 2014, 7(8): 502-505.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (824KB) ( )   Abstract：Clinical photographic materials，as a useful tool in dental clinic，directly depict oral conditions and therapeutic effects. It plays an important role in keeping case record，doctor-patient and doctor-technician communication，and academic discussion. Conventional oral photography used film camera，which limited its application because of low efficiency. With the application of digital clinical photography，it becomes much more popular and widespread due to its great convenience. During the past ten years，with the improvement in photographic equipment，technique and photo quality，dental photography have been under rapid development. This review summarized the history and development of clinical photography in dentistry，as well as research and educational status in oral clinical photography.

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Factors influencing the height of peri-implant papillae. GAO Fei，LIU Zhong-hao 2014, 7(8): 506-509.  DOI: 10.7504/kq.2014.08.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (814KB) ( )   Abstract：Loss of implant papilla is one of the most troubling dilemmas in implant dentistry. The “black triangle”around the implant-supported restoration causes not only phonetic difficulties and food impaction but also unpleasant esthetics. This is considered to be a failure in today’s implant therapy standards. As a consequence，it is the purpose of this article to examine factors that may affect the appearance of the peri-implant papilla.