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15 April 2014, Volume 7 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Periodontal probing and automated periodontal probing system. ZHONG De-yu，GE Chun-xu 2014, 7(4): 193-196.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1415KB) ( )   Abstract：The assessment of clinical attachment level represents the gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring periodontal disease. Many investigations have pointed out errors inherent in the use of the conventional probes. The factors which may affect probe measurement include variation in the probe force，graduations of the probe，variations in the size of the probe，probe placement，reading the probe and data recording，and calculation of attachment level. Automated periodontal probing system has been developed which incorporates the advantages of constant probing forces，precise electronic measurement and computer storage of the data. It would be a useful tool in dental clinic，education and research activities.

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Development and application of microscopy in oral treatment. MIAO Lei，PAN Ya-ping 2014, 7(4): 196-199.  Abstract ( )   PDF (916KB) ( )   Abstract：Dental microscope and perioscopy have been gradually applied in clinical treatment. Direct，real-time visualization of the hard and soft tissues may aid the clinician in diagnosis and therapy of oral disease. This report reviews microsurgery techniques for this purpose.

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Future prospect of sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. HOU Chun-yan，BI Liang-jia 2014, 7(4): 200-203.  Abstract ( )   PDF (928KB) ( )   Abstract：In recent years，sonodynamic therapy（SDT）and photodynamic therapy（PDT）has been a research hotspot by scholars in many countries. Although SDT derived from PDT，it has many unique advantages，such as penetrating into tissue more widely and deeply. PDT has been shown to be effective against neoplasms and bacteria，but there was few research on sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Whether SDT may be a promising novel antimicrobial strategy against bacteria and what its sterilization effect has become a new research direction.

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General situation and application prospect of antimicrobial peptides. AI Li-si，ZHANG Yu，LIN Li 2014, 7(4): 204-208.  Abstract ( )   PDF (923KB) ( )   Abstract：Antimicrobial peptides are producted by animal and plant immune defense system to fight against pathogens'pathogenicity，which has bactericidal activity. It plays an important role in the organism's natural immunity. It achieves antibacterial antifungal，antiviral and anticancer effects through acting on cell membrane protein，intracellular structure，cell wall and mitochondria and so on. And it inhibits many oral bacteria. The lack of novel antibiotics leads to a number of resistant strains，so antimicrobial peptides might become a new antibiotics substitute and a new method in the drug treatment of periodontal disease.

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Expression of aquaporins-3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. GAO Bo*，HE Dong-ning，SUN Rui 2014, 7(4): 209-212.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1415KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the expression and significance of aquaporin-3（AQP-3） in oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC）. Methods A immunohistochemistry method，Envosion，was employed to test the manifesting levels of AQP-3 in pathological slices of 60 OSCC cases and 10 normal cases，and the results were treated with comparison and statistical analysis. Results In 60 OSCC cases，AQP-3 mainly manifested in membrane，and a little in cytoplasm. The positive manifesting rate of AQP-3 in the samples was 81.7%，which was significantly higher than the manifesting rate of 20.0% in normal oral mucous membrane（P < 0.05）. In OSCC tissues，the manifestation of AQP-3 was not correlated with the age（χ2 = 0.032，P > 0.05），gender（χ2 = 0.045，P > 0.05），or location（χ2 = 1.313，P > 0.05）. However， the manifestation of AQP-3 was correlated with the different pathological grades（χ2 = 8.626，P < 0.05），clinical phases（χ2 = 21.59，P < 0.05） and lymph node metastasis（χ2 = 3.90，P < 0.05）. Conclusion The abnormal manifestation of AQP-3 is closely related with the occurrence and development of OSCC. Therefore，it can be used assubsidiary index for OSCC treatment and prognosis.

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Expression of interleukin-18 and matrix metalloprotease-13 in peri-implantitis patients. LI De-chao，ZHOU Yan-peng，WANG Ze 2014, 7(4): 213-216.  Abstract ( )   PDF (948KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study interleukin-18（IL-18）and matrix metalloprotease-13（MMP-13）in response to peri-implantitis implant，and evaluate IL-18 and MMP-13 as an objective index for peri-implantitis diagnostic significance. Methods Collect 30 cases from Department of Oral Implantology，Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Jiamusi University， which were implanted with ITI amounted to 40. All the implants were divided into health implant group（28） and inflammation implant group（12），a group of 40 healthy teeth were collected as controls. Levels of IL-18 and MMP-13 from gingival crevicular fluid，GCF volume，PD and SBI were measured and analyzed. Results PD and SBI of inflammation implant group were higher than those of healthy natural teeth group and healthy implant group（P < 0.05）；GCF of inflammation implant group and IL-18 and MMP-13 of GCF were higher than the healthy implant group and healthy natural teeth group（P < 0.05）；PD，SBI，GCF and IL-18，MMP-13 of GCF had no significant difference between healthy implant group and healthy natural teeth group（P > 0.05）. Conclusion IL-18 and MMP-13 have close relationship with peri-implantitis，which may be used as implant effective detection index in early diagnosis of peri-implantitis.

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Inhibitory effect of antimicrobial peptides RISE-AP12® on Porphyromonas gingivalis. CHEN Xue，LIN Li 2014, 7(4): 217-220.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1067KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study the inhibitory effect of antimicrobial peptides RISE-AP12® on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis（P. g）in vitro. Methods P. g W83 was chosen as the experimental bacterial strain. Sensitive tests were carried out by the liquid dilution method. MIC and MBC of antimicrobial peptides RISE-AP12® on P. g W83（106 CFU/mL）in vitro was determined. Results Antimicrobial peptides RISE-AP12® had the bacteriostatic and bactericidal action on 106 CFU/mL of P. g W83 when its concentration was more than 0.01 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL，respectively. Conclusion Antibacterial peptides RISE-AP12® has the bacteriostatic（0.01 mg/mL）and bactericidal（0.02 mg/mL）effect on P. g in vitro.

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Effects of total flavone of epimedium on the orthodontic tooth movement and the periodontal tissue in the pressure side in rats. LI Yan，AN Yang，FENG Yun-xia 2014, 7(4): 221-223.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1201KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To investigate the effects of total flavone of epimedium（TFE） on the orthodontic tooth movement and the orthodontic periodontal tissue in the pressure side. Methods Totally 40 male Wister rats were chosen to establish orthodontic tooth movement model. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with ten in each. From the 1st day，in control group（group A），the rats were fed on saline，while TFE groups （group B，C and D） were fed on TFE with concentrations of 75，150，300 mg/（kg·d）. Ten days later，all rats were sacrificed. The distances of maxillary first tooth movement were measured and the periodontal remodeling were observed by histological evaluation. Results The distance of the orthodontic tooth movement in group A and B were of no statistic significance（P > 0.05）. The distance of the orthodontic tooth movement was significantly decreased in group C and D compared with group A （P＜0.05）. HE staining showed that the number of alveolar bone resorption lacunae of the TFE groups were inferior to the control group. Conclusion Total flavonoids of epimedium can inhibite the orthodontic tooth movement and alveolar bone resorption on the pressure side in rats. The role of TFE is more significant with its concentration increasing in a certain range.

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Clinical application study of computer-assisted simulation system in orthognathic surgery. WANG Xue*，YAN Guang-qi，ZHANG Gui-rong，LI Ji-qiang，LIU Ji-hui，CONG Fang 2014, 7(4): 224-226.  Abstract ( )   PDF (864KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To evaluate the accuracy and potential advantages of computer-assisted simulation system in orthognathic surgery. Methods Thirty patients with skeletal Angle Ⅲ were chosen and received preoperative and postoperative CT. Computer-assisted simulation system was used for surgical simulation and preoperative facial appearance prediction. Results The difference between simulation and actual operation showed no statistical significance（P > 0.05）. Conclusion Computer-assisted simulation system can integrate various medical imaging data and simulate surgery. It can provide practical and effective techniques and scientific basis for establishing the preoperative planning of individual optimal surgical procedure.

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The risk factors analysis of root caries among the elderly in Conghua city of Guangdong province -- a community-based study. JIAN Wen-ting，ZHOU Yan，TAO Ye，YU Li-xia，LIN Huan-cai 2014, 7(4): 227-230.  Abstract ( )   PDF (897KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To explore the risk factors of root caries among the elderly in the communities in Conghua city，Guangdong province and provide practical implications for root caries prevention. Methods A case-control study was conducted in Jiekou town of Conghua city from October 2012 to March 2013 and 276 elders aged from 60 to 80 years were enrolled. The data of root caries examination and questionnaire were collected and analyzed by logistic regression. Results The differences on age，gender and communities between case group and control group were not statistically significant（P > 0.05）. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that toothbrushing frequency ≤1 time/day，wearing removable denture，and food impaction were risk factors for root caries among the community-dwelling elders. Conclusion Oral health education should be conducted to improve the oral health behaviors of the community-dwelling elders so as to prevent the root caries.

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Effect of extraction of the maxillary first premolars on arch-width changes before orthodontics for skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion. ZHOU Qian，LI Lin，ZHANG Yi 2014, 7(4): 231-234.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1429KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To compare arch-width changes between maxillary premolar extraction and non-extraction modalities，and to provide an additional indication for presurgical maxillary premolar extraction according to the transverse dental arch characteristics of Class Ⅲsurgical-orthodontic patients. Methods Pretreatment and preoperative dental cases of 28 adult Class Ⅲ patients（16 non-extraction，12 extraction）who underwent surgical-orthodontic treatment were collected. The changes in maxillary and mandibular dental arch widths were measured. Results Statistical analyses showed that the maxillary posterior dentitions arch-width changes of the premolar extraction group were significantly greater than that of the non-extraction group. The mandibular dentition arch-width changes had no significant differences between two groups. Conclusion Maxillary premolar extraction in Class Ⅲ presurgical orthodontic treatment might be benefitial for intermaxillary arch width coordination and decompensate posterior teeth.

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Clinical effect of magnetic attachment denture in patients with chronic periodontitis. HAN Dong*，CHANG Chun-rong，YI Zhe 2014, 7(4): 234-236.  Abstract ( )   PDF (865KB) ( )   Abstract：Objective To study the clinical effects of abutment teeth of magnetic attachment in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods Nineteen patients were restored with removable partial dentures（RPD）with magnetic attachments，including forty-five abutment teeth of magnetic attachments. The periodontal probing depth（PD），mobility of abutment teeth and the stability of the dentures were observed after restoration for three to five years. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. Results Retention rate of abutment teeth in these cases was 91.11% in three years. The PD of abutment teeth was（2.17 ± 0.77）mm before restoration and （1.89 ± 0.67）mm after three years，the latter being lower than the former（P < 0.05）. The mobility of abutment teeth increased in some cases，which may be because of the loss of stability of the removable partial dentures. Conclusion Magnetic attachment can protect weak abutment teeth in chronic periodontitis patients.

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Research progress of photodynamic therapy applied to root canal disinfection. LIU Shi-da，ZHU Ya-qin 2014, 7(4): 239-243.  Abstract ( )   PDF (918KB) ( )   Abstract：As a safe and effective strategy of root canal disinfection，photodynamic therapy mainly relies on the reactive oxygen species generated by excited photosensitizer to kill cells of bacteria. The antibacterial efficacy of photodynamic therapy is affected by many variables and parameters，while the antibiofilm efficacy of it remains to be improved.

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Research progress in the treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation. XIA Jing，DING Yi 2014, 7(4): 244-247.  Abstract ( )   PDF (898KB) ( )   Abstract：Melanocytes and keratinocytes are located primarily in the basal and suprabasal cell layers of the epithelium. Gingival melanin pigmentation（GMP）occurs when these cells deposit excessive amounts of melanin. Although GMP does not represent a medical problem，but GMP may result in complaints about poor esthetics，especially among individuals with excessive gingival display while smiling or talking.

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Current situation and advancement of glycine powder air-polishing. LIU Wei-jian，ZHANG Fu，MA Chun-liang，ZHAO Yu-ying，TANG Xiao-lin 2014, 7(4): 248-251.  Abstract ( )   PDF (898KB) ( )   Abstract：Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infectious disease. Supra- and subgingival bio?lm removal is a central part of initial periodontal therapy and periodontal maintenance. Traditional hand instruments or oscillating scalers are used to remove dental plaque. However，the use of these instruments are both technically demanding and time consuming，and may lead to severe root and epithelium damage overtime. Recently，glycine powder has also been introduced in dental cleaning. Emerging glycine powder has many merits，such as being time efficient，safe and comfortable，and cause the smallest damage to the root of tooth and periodontium，and also get the favour of clinical physicians and patients. The aim of this review is to assess the present status and prospect of the glycine powder air-polishing.