Abstract: Severe alveolar ridge defect reconstruction is a challenge in oral implant rehabilitation. Individualized bone augmentation strategies based on precise alveolar bone defect classification significantly improve implant outcomes. Current clinical bone augmentation techniques（guided bone regeneration，Onlay bone grafting，titanium mesh，and shell technique）demonstrate distinct advantages for horizontal，vertical，and combined bone defects，with complication management progressively optimized through technological innovation. By integrating the Cawood-Howell classification system with Lekholm-Zarb grading scale，this paper proposes，for the first time，a trinity decision-tree model for bone augmentation therapy based on "three-dimensional bone morphology of bone defect-soft tissue-systemic factors"，and establishes a standardized pathway from diagnosis to treatment，providing a reference for clinical decision. It also puts forward future research directions focusing on technological integration for precise bone augmentation，aiming to promote the development of bone augmentation techniques and improve the long-term outcomes of oral implant rehabilitation.

Key words: alveolar ridge defect, bone augmentation, titanium mesh, classification system, biomaterials

摘要： 牙槽嵴重度骨缺损重建是口腔种植修复治疗的难点。基于精准牙槽骨缺损分类的个体化骨增量策略可显著提升种植效果。目前，临床常用牙槽骨增量技术[如引导骨再生技术、外置式（Onlay）植骨术、钛网技术及骨壳技术等]在水平、垂直及复合骨缺损中展现出差异化优势，且其并发症管理随技术创新逐步优化。文章通过整合Cawood-Howell分类系统与Lekholm-Zarb分级标准，首次提出“骨缺损三维形态-软组织-全身因素”三位一体牙槽骨缺损骨增量治疗决策树模型，梳理出从诊断到治疗的标准化路径，为临床决策提供参考依据，并提出未来技术融合实现精准骨增量的研究方向，旨在促进骨增量技术的发展及提升口腔种植修复长期效果。

关键词: 牙槽嵴缺损, 骨增量, 钛网, 分类系统, 生物材料