Abstract: Neutrophil extracellular traps（NETs）are DNA-protein complexes released by neutrophils，and they play a key role in innate immunity by trapping pathogens. However，their aberrant release can exacerbate inflammation and tissue damage. The dynamic imbalance of NETs serves as a critical driver of disease progression，and targeted degradation or modulation of NETs formation may provide a theoretical foundation for developing novel therapeutic strategies. This paper reviews the research progress in the pathological significance and pathogenic mechanisms of NETs in oral diseases, and proposes that future studies should further elucidate the interactions between NETs and the oral microenvironment，so as to advance clinical translation and promote targeted interventions as well as diagnosis and treatment development of oral diseases.

Key words: neutrophil extracellular traps, periodontitis, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, oral candidiasis, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral-systemic disease axis

摘要： 中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（neutrophil extracellular traps，NETs）是由中性粒细胞释放的DNA-蛋白质复合结构，在固有免疫中通过捕获病原体发挥关键作用，但其异常释放可能加剧炎症和组织损伤。NETs的动态失衡是推动疾病进展的关键环节，靶向降解或调节其形成可为开发新型治疗策略提供理论依据。文章就NETs在口腔疾病中的病理意义及致病机制研究进展做一综述，并提出未来研究需进一步解析NETs与口腔微环境的交互机制，促进其临床转化，推动口腔疾病的靶向干预与诊疗发展。

关键词: 中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网, 牙周炎, 牙髓炎, 根尖周炎, 口腔念珠菌病, 口腔鳞状细胞癌, 口腔-全身疾病轴