Abstract: Skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion is a common orthodontic disease in clinical practice，often characterized by inadequate mandibular development. Functional appliances are often used in clinical practice to guide the growth and remodeling of the mandible during the peak period of growth and development of the patients. Its biological basis is that the condyle can undergo endochondral osteogenesis and is sensitive to changes in environmental stress stimulation. However，the specific mechanism by which environmental stress stimulation regulates condylar growth and remodeling is currently unclear. In recent years，researches have found that exosomes，as a paracrine intercellular communication substance，play an important role in intercellular communication and material exchange. This article will review the effects of exosomes on condylar growth and remodeling，the effects of stress stimulation on exosomes，and the regulation of condylar growth and remodeling by stress stimulation through altering exosomes.

Key words: exosomes, condyle, mechanical stress, growth and development, bone remodeling

摘要： 骨性Ⅱ类错牙合畸形是正畸临床常见疾病，多表现为下颌骨发育不足。临床上常在患者生长发育高峰期使用功能性矫治器引导下颌的生长和改建，其生物学基础在于髁突可发生软骨内成骨过程且对环境应力刺激变化较为敏感。然而，目前关于环境应力刺激调节髁突生长改建的具体机制尚不明确。近年来研究发现，外泌体作为一种旁分泌细胞间通信物质在细胞间通信交流和物质交换中发挥重要作用。文章就外泌体对髁突生长改建的影响、应力刺激对细胞外泌体的影响、应力刺激通过改变细胞外泌体调节髁突生长改建三方面研究进展做一综述。

关键词: 外泌体, 髁突, 机械应力, 生长发育, 骨改建