关键词: 纳米粉体, 牙齿美白, 活性氧, 再矿化, 磨蚀剂

Abstract: With the growing demand for dental aesthetics，tooth whitening technologies have been continuously advancing. Traditional tooth whiteners（e.g. hydrogen peroxide，carbamide peroxide）are effective，yet they carry the risks of causing enamel damage，gingival irritation and other side effects，and their active ingredients are unstable with short service lives. Nanopowder materials，due to their high specific surface area，unique catalytic properties and excellent biocompatibility，offer possibilities for developing new safe and efficient whitening technologies. This review systematically elaborates on the types of tooth discoloration and mainstream whitening mechanisms，with a focus on the mechanisms and research progress of metal oxide powders，ceramic powders and other novel powders in tooth whitening. These materials collectively construct a new integrated strategy of ＂decolorization-repair-protection＂. Finally，this paper prospects the future challenges and directions in this field，including multi-mechanism synergistic design，long-term biosafety evaluation，clinical standardization research and daily product development，aiming to provide theoretical references for the research and development as well as clinical translation of next-generation tooth whitening technologies.

Key words: nanopowder, tooth whitening, reactive oxygen species, remineralization, abrasive