中国实用口腔科杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 475-480.DOI: 10.19538/j.kq.2026.04.014

• 口腔医学教育研究专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

置信职业行为评估在正畸减数牙拔除术本科临床实践教学中应用效果研究

曹钰彬,毛苏宁,张建康,洪鹏宇,王杞章,郭雨晨,叶    立,潘    剑   

  1. 口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院口腔颌面外科,四川 成都 610041
  • 出版日期:2026-07-30 发布日期:2026-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 潘剑
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金(82301106);四川省医学会青年创新项目(Q2024072);四川大学华西口腔医院探索与研发项目(RD-03-202405;RD-02-202409)

  • Online:2026-07-30 Published:2026-07-30

摘要: 目的    探讨置信职业行为评估(entrustable professional activities,EPA)在口腔医学本科生正畸减数牙拔除术临床实践教学中的应用效果。方法    采用随机对照研究设计,选取四川大学华西口腔医学院2020级口腔医学专业五年级本科生43名,随机分为研究组21名和对照组22名。在为期1个月的牙槽外科临床实习中,研究组实施基于EPA的教学评估模式,通过德尔菲法构建涵盖术前沟通、术前评估、局部麻醉、拔牙操作、术后处理的正畸减数牙拔除术相关EPA清单及分级监督授权方案,教师根据学生表现动态调整监督等级;对照组采用传统的临床见习与实习带教模式。采用学生自评问卷评估临床自信心、医患沟通能力、团队协作精神,采用教师评价问卷评估学生操作技能规范性、专业态度、安全意识及独立操作能力,并参照国家执业医师资格考试中下颌第一前磨牙拔除术考核标准进行临床操作考核评分。结果    在学生自评问卷中,研究组三大维度评分及高认同度(平均分≥ 4分)学生占比均大于对照组;在教师评价问卷中,研究组在操作技能规范性、专业态度及安全意识方面评分及能独立完成下颌第一前磨牙拔除术核心步骤学生占比均大于对照组;以上指标差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。研究组临床操作考核总分[(89.70 ± 4.20)分]高于对照组[(76.50 ± 6.80)分],差异有统计学意义(t = 7.910,P < 0.001)。除无菌操作及创口处理项目外,研究组其他项目评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。结论    EPA教学模式能有效提升口腔医学本科生在正畸减数牙拔除术中的临床胜任力、专业自信心和医患沟通能力,具有良好应用前景,但仍需大样本、多中心、跨学科研究进一步检验与完善。

关键词: 置信职业行为评估, 口腔医学教育, 临床胜任力, 教学评估, 实践教学改革, 牙拔除术

Abstract: Objective    To explore the effectiveness of entrustable professional activities(EPA)-based assessment in the clinical practice teaching of orthodontic extraction of teeth for reduction for undergraduate dental students. Methods    A randomized controlled trial was conducted,involving 43 fifth-year undergraduate dental students from the Class of 2020 at West China School of Stomatology,Sichuan University. The students were randomly divided into a study group(n = 21)and a control group(n = 22). During a one-month clinical internship in alveolar surgery,the study group underwent an EPA-based teaching and assessment model. A Delphi method was used to develop an EPA checklist and a graded supervision and authorization scheme for orthodontic extraction of teeth for reduction,covering preoperative communication,preoperative assessment,local anesthesia,tooth extraction procedure,and postoperative management. Teachers dynamically adjusted supervision levels based on student performance. The control group received traditional clinical apprenticeship and internship teaching. Student self-assessment questionnaires were used to evaluate clinical confidence,doctor-patient communication skills,and team collaboration. Teacher evaluation questionnaires were uesed to assess standardization of operation skills,professional attitude,safety awareness,and independent operation ability. Clinical operation performance was scored according to the National Medical Licensing Examination standards for mandibular first premolar extraction. Results    In the student self-assessment,the study group had higher scores in all three dimensions and a higher proportion of students with high agreement(mean score ≥ 4)than the control group. In the teacher evaluation,the study group scored higher in standardization of operation skills,professional attitude,and safety awareness,and had a higher proportion of students able to independently complete the core steps of mandibular first premolar extraction than the control group. The differences in all the above indicators were statistically significant(all P < 0.05). The total clinical operation score in the study group(89.70 ± 4.20)was higher than that in the control group (76.50 ± 6.80),with a statistically significant difference(t = 7.910,P < 0.001). Except for aseptic operation and extraction wound management,the study group scored higher than the control group in all items,with statistically significant differences(all P < 0.05). Conclusion    The EPA-based teaching model effectively enhances clinical competence,professional confidence,and doctor-patient communication skills of undergraduate dental students in orthodontic extraction of teeth for reduction,demonstrating good application potential. However,large-sample,multi-center,and interdisciplinary studies are needed for its further validation and refinement through.

Key words: entrustable professional activities, dental education, clinical competence, teaching assessment, practice teaching reforming, tooth extraction