关键词: 牙种植, 美学区, 并发症, 骨增量, 软组织增量

Abstract: Implant restoration in the maxillary anterior region is a challenging task as it is the most critical area for aesthetics in the mouth. However，tooth extraction due to various periodontal and apical problems often leads to insufficient horizontal and vertical bone masses in the alveolar cleft during implant restoration. The surgical procedures for bone augmentation in the anterior alveolar crest region include guided bone tissue regeneration，block bone transfer，and bone splitting and condensing. However，soft tissue collapse can still occur even after bone augmentation surgery. To restore the soft tissue contours of the esthetic zone，free connective tissue transfer is often used clinically. These complex soft and hard tissue surgeries can cause complications such as wound dehiscence，infection，bleeding and hematoma，nerve injuries，implant exposure，necrosis and absorption，soft tissue cracking，and insufficient width or thickness of keratinized gingiva. This study introduces the risk factors and clinical management strategies of complications related to bone augmentation and soft tissue augmentation in the maxillary anterior zone，and presents some risk prevention and control suggestions in order to reduce the incidence of complications.

Key words: dental implantation, esthetic zone, complication, bone augmentation, soft tissue augmentation