Abstract: In the past two decades，China has made great efforts on reducing the incidence of preterm birth and improving the outcome of preterm infants and has achieved great success. However，due to the huge population base，the number of preterm births should still not be underestimated. Additionally，the mechanism of preterm birth and delivery initiation has not been fully elucidated yet. Furthermore，there are great differences between the diagnosis and treatment level of preterm birth and the treatment level of preterm infants in the region. Consequently，the development of the diagnosis and treatment level of preterm birth is limited to a certain extent. Accordingly，Chinese workers on perinatology still take the responsibilities for further reducing the rate of preterm birth and improving the long-term & short-term outcome of preterm infants，which is truly a long-term task.

Key words: preterm birth, diagnosis, treatment, antenatal corticosteroids, delayed cord clamping

摘要： 近20年来，我国为降低早产发病率，改善早产儿结局不懈努力，取得了令人瞩目的成就，但由于中国人口基数庞大，早产的数量仍不容小觑。加之早产和分娩启动的机制至今仍未完全阐明，区域内早产诊疗水平和早产儿救治水平存在较大差异，在一定程度上制约了早产诊治水平的提高。对我国围产医学工作者而言，进一步降低早产率，改善早产儿远、近期结局，依旧任重而道远。

关键词: 早产, 诊断, 治疗, 产前使用糖皮质激素, 脐带延迟结扎