Abstract: It is well known that breast cancer is a hormone-dependent tumor and the most common malignancy in women worldwide.Although menopause is a natural phenomenon，it can cause many pathological results，seriously affect women's quality of life，and increase the occurrence of various chronic diseases.Menopausal hormone replacement therapy（MHT）is one of the most effective treatments for menopausal symptoms，but hormone and breast cancer risk is the most feared issue for most women.The relationship between hormones and breast cancer has been controversial for decades，with the initial women's health initiative（WHI）results published in 2002 reporting an overall increased risk of breast cancer; A recent  research has found that MHT，in addition to vaginal estrogen，is associated with an additional risk of breast cancer，which steadily increases over time.Compared with estrogen，estrogen-progesterone has a greater risk.This article will focus on MHT and breast cancer risk.

Key words: MHT, breast cancer risk, estrogen, progesterone

摘要： 众所周知，乳腺癌是激素依赖性肿瘤，也是全球范围内女性患病率最高的恶性肿瘤。绝经虽然是一种人体自然现象，但也会引起很多病理性结果，严重影响女性的生活质量，增加各种慢性病发生的风险。绝经激素治疗（MHT）是治疗更年期症状最有效的方法，但很多女性最恐惧激素与乳腺癌风险。关于激素与乳腺癌的关系近几十年来争议不断，最初的妇女健康倡议（WHI）结果于2002年发表后，报告了乳腺癌的总体风险增加；最近研究表明：除了阴道雌激素外，每一种MHT都与额外的乳腺癌风险相关，且这种风险随着应用时间的增加而稳步升高；与雌激素相比，雌激素-孕激素的风险更大。文章主要讨论MHT与乳腺癌风险。

关键词: 绝经激素治疗, 乳腺癌风险, 雌激素, 孕激素