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06 November 2006, Volume 21 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Study of clinical features and longterm outcomes of children's SARS cases. Xie Zhengde,Wei Xinmiao,Hu Yinghui 2006, 21(11): 822-825 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and longterm outcomes of children’s SARS cases in Beijing. MethodsThere were totally 38 cases of children’s SARS in Beijing area.Information of patients was provided by Scienceeducation Department of Beijing Health Bureau.Patients were followed up with confirmed consensus of their parents or guardians one year and half after the onset of diseases.Items of followup included:(1) blood pressure;(2) blood routine;(3) function of liver and kidney;(4) lung function and chest Xray,and highresolution computer tomography were needed if lung function or chest Xray was abnormal;(5) Xray for femoral head;(6) electrocardiogram and ultrasonic echocardiogram;(7) subgroup of T lymphocyte;(8) Achenbach s Children Behavior Checklist and subjective satisfactory feeling to quality of life;(9) detection of antibodies against SARSCoVIgG in sera. ResultsOf 38 children's SARS cases,percentage of fever was 100%,cough 78.9%,sputum production 65.8% and dyspnea 7.9%.Of symptoms of body toxicity reaction,fatigue was 36.4%,arthritis and muscle myalgia 7.9%,and headache 18.4%.Totally 16 pediatric SARS cases with confirmed consensus of their parents or guardians were followed up.Of 16 pediatric SARS cases,8 cases were positive of SARSCoVIgG and the others were negative of SARSCoVIgG.There were no cases of hypertension. Function of cardia,liver and kidney,Xray for femoral head and subgroup of T lymphocyte of all patients were normal.Mild dysfunction of lung was observed in three patients with decreased FEF5075 and increased R20.One of the three patients got highresolution computer tomography and the result was normal.Children's behavior survey and subjective satisfactory feeling to quality of life were evaluated to eight patients with age over 8.No psychological and behavioral problems were observed. ConclusionChildren's SARS is not a severe disease and has mild clinical manifestations and good outcomes.There are no longterm severe complications in children s SARS cases.

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The efficacy of midodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of children with vasovagal syncope Zhang Qingyou,Du Junbao,Li Wanzhen 2006, 21(11): 826-828 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether midodrine hydrochloride therapy could prevent vasovagal syncope (VVS) in pediatric patients. MethodsFortysix children with recurrent syncope were included in the study.They were assigned into 3 groups.Midodrine group consisted of children who were administered with midodrine hydrochloride as the firstline therapy in addition to the conventional therapy.Metoprolol group consisted of patients who were administered with metoprolol as the firstline therapy based on the conventional therapy.Conventional therapy group included patients who were only given conventional therapy.Repeated headup tilt test (HUT) and a followup at least for 6 months were conducted. ResultsThe HUTbased effective rate was 7500% for children treated with midodrine,6500% for children with metoprolol,and 2000% for children with conventional therapy.It was significantly higher in cases of midodrine group and metoprolol group than that of conventional therapy group.However,there was no significant difference in the HUTbased effective rate between patients in midodrine group and metoprolol group (P>005).During the followup period,the recurrence rate of syncope for children in midodrine group and metoprolol group was significantly lower than that of conventional therapy group (P<005,respectively).However,there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate of syncope between children in midodrine group and metoprolol group (P>005). ConclusionMidodrine is as effective as metoprolol in the treatment of VVS in children.Few side effects were observed in the present experiment.

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An epidemiological study on prevalence of mental retardation in 0~6year children in Beijing,China Liang Aimin,Wu Yinghua,Zhang Xiuling 2006, 21(11): 829-832 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveA crosssectional epidemiological study was conducted to assess the prevalence and characteristics of distribution of mental retardation (MR) among children under 7 years old. MethodsThe study adopted sampling method by 2phase cluster stratified;the DQ was evaluated with standardized Gesell developmental schedule. ResultsA total of 267 children were found among the children of 28682,the rate being 931,of which 760 in city and 10.37 in countryside.The prevalence in male was higher than that in female,and it increased with age.The percentage of mild,moderate,severe and profound of MR was 6554%、2097%、599% and 749% respectively. ConclusionThe prevention and treatment of mild MR should be a priority and the rural areas should be paied more attention.It is imperative to establish a MR surveillance program in Beijing the experience of the developed countries.

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Norm of ADHD Diagnostic ScaleParent Version in Chinese urban children. Sun Linyan,Geng Yaoguo,Wang Hong 2006, 21(11): 833-836 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo develop the norm of the ADHD Diagnostic ScaleParent Version(ADHDDSP) in Chinese urban children and to test the reliability and validity of this scale. MethodsA sample of students(n=1616)participated in this study.Parents of subjects(777 males and 839 females) from 12 cities of China with the mean age 1110±280 of completed the Scale. ResultsMales scored higher on two subscale and total score than females.HyperactivityImpulsivity subscale and total score were rated higher for young age groups than older age groups.The testretest reliability of total score were 072,the Crobach alphas were 091,the correlations between each item score and total score were in 061~ 071Significant correlations were found between the total scores of ADHDDSP and attention problems(r=071) and externalizing subscale (r=065)of Achenbach’s CBCL and Hyperactivity index (r=075) of Conners’Parent Symptom Questionnaire.Discriminant validity was evidenced by the ADHDDSP ability to differentiate subjects with and without ADHD.The scale demonstrated excellent sensitivity( 092)and specificity (090).Using an confirmatory factor analysis approach (Liner structural equation modeling),three factors were extracted.Factor I ( inattention ) included also nine DSMIV symptoms of inattention with loadings > or =040;factor II(hyperactivity) comprised first 5 DSMIV symptoms(item 2,4,6,8,10);factor III(impulsivity) symptoms comprised last 4 DSMIV symptoms (item 12,14,16,18). ConclusionThe ADHDDSP scores differently with age and gender.ADHDDSP is found to have good psychometrics properties,with adequate reliability and validity.

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Clinical characteristics of cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. Xiong Feng,Zeng Yan,Zhang Wen 2006, 21(11): 837-839 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics of cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. MethodsThe clinical data of 71 children with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to the hospital from 1993 to 2005 were analysed.The clinical characteristics and possible etiological factors between children with cerebral edema,and those with equal severe diabetic ketoacidosis but without cerebral edema were compared. ResultsSix cases in 71 children with diabetic ketoacidosis were identified in developed cerebral edema.The incidence of cerebral edema in the patients of this group was 84%.They all suffered severe ketoacidosis.Compared the children with equal severe diabetic ketoacidosis but without cerebral edema,6 children suffered more severe metabolic acidosis,experienced an attenuated rise in measured serum sodium concentrations or hyponatremia during therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis and had higher initial serum urea nitrogen concentrations.Five cases in 6 children with cerebral edema had been administrated bicarbonate treatment. ConclusionThe severe diabetic ketoacidosis is much more easy to develop cerebral edema.Children with diabetic ketoacidosis who have severe metabolic acidosis,a smaller increases in serum sodium concentration or hyponatremia during therapy and high serum urea nitrogen concentrations,and children who are treated with bicarbonate are at increased risk for developing cerebral edema.

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Neuropeptide Y levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of children with convulsive diseases and its clinical significance. Guo Xiangyang,Jiao Fuyong,Zhang Xinli. 2006, 21(11): 840-842 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveIn order to study the levels and clinical significance of neuropeptide Y(NPY) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in children convulsion. MethodsTotally 67 children with convulsive diseases were studied:obtaining the samples of plasma on the 1st and 7th day after being in hospital,and the samples of CSF on the 1st after being in hospital.We investigated the changes of NPY in plasma and CSF with radioimmunoassay(RIA). Results (1)Convulsive group:the concentration of NPY in plasma on the 7th day was higher than that on the 1st day ( P<001).Each group in convulsive subjects also had the same result(P<005).Encephalitis group without convulsion:The concentration of NPY in plasma on the 7th day was higher than that on the 1st day,but there was no positive difference(P >005).The concentration of NPY in plasma on the 1st day in control group was (18213±2808)ng/L.There were positive differences in convulsive group,encephalitis group without convulsion and control group(P<001,0001).There was also positive difference in each group in convulsive subjects(P<001).(2) The concentrations of NPY in CSF on the 1st day were (31266±7116)ng/L (convulsive group),(19679±2336)ng/L (encephalitis group without convulsion),(19413±1619)ng/L (control group),respectively.There were positive differences in convulsive group,encephalitis group without convulsion and control group(P<0001),but no difference in encephalitis group without con vulsion and control group(P>005).Each group in convulsive subjects showed positive difference(P<001).The levels of NPY in plasma and CSF correlated to the times of convulsion.(3) Linear correlation and regression analysis showed:a)the concentrations of NPY in plasma and CSF had no correlation to sex,age,weight (P>005);b)the concentrations of NPY in plasma on the 1st and 7th day had significantly positive correlation to those in CSF on the 1st day (r=0954，P<0001; r=0950，P<0001,respectively). Conclusion(1)There are elevated levels of NPY in plasma and CSF in cases with convulsions,changing in the different course of convulsion.(2)There is positive correlation in NPY between plasma and CSF.The levels of NPY in plasma can indirectly reflect the levels of NPY in CSF.These findings suggest that the measurement of NPY in children with convulsive diseases cal help to guild the management of convulsive diseases.

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Effects of valproate treatment on plasma levels of insulin and leptin in epilepsy children. Li Zhaoxia,Sun Ruopeng,Wang Jiwen 2006, 21(11): 846-848 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of valproate treatment on plasma insulin and leptin levels of epileptic children. MethodsPlasma insulin and leptin levels were measured in a group of 32 epileptic children treated with valproate and 33 agematched children as control group,and insulin resistance(Homa IR) and body mass index were calculated.The associations between insulin resistance,leptin levels and dosage of valproate,duration of valproate therapy,body mass index were analyzed. ResultsBody mass index,insulin,insulin resistance and leptin levels were significantly higher in the valproatetreated group than those in the control group.In valproatetreated group,insulin resistance and leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass index and duration of valproate therapy,but exhibited no correlations with dosage of valproate.Partial correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between leptin levels and insulin resistance in control group,but significant positive correlations in valproatetreated group. ConclusionValproate therapy can lead to weight gain,insulin resistance and leptin resistance.Insulin resistance and leptin levels are positively correlated with body mass index and duration of valproate therapy.There were positive correlations between insulin resistance and leptin levels.

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A survey on sleep time in children from 2 to 6 years of age in the poor country town Hao Xiufang1,Yan Renjie2，Ma Yanxiang 2006, 21(11): 849-851 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the sleep characteristics of children in the poor country town. MethodsA total of 780 from 2 to 6 years of age children were investigated with questionnaire in the poor country town. ResultsThe mean time of total sleep time in all children were (1088±100)h,which was decreasing with the age; the difference in groups was remarkable.The main factors affecting the sleeping were the parents sleeping custom,the educational background of mother,suffering from the rhinitis and suffocation at childbirth. ConclusionThe total sleep time in the children is lower than in Shanghai and some other countries,but it's similar to that in Beijing and Yanji.Doing well in preventing and treating the diseases in breathing systerm,improving the sleeping quality of mother,providing a good environment for children’s living and sleeping can make enough sleeping time to the preschool children in the poor country town.

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A correlative study between personality traits and parental rearing styles of senior school students in Chengdu 2006, 21(11): 852-855 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo explore the influence of parental rearing styles on children'’s personality traits. MethodsA total of 586 students of senior one in urban Chengdu were tested by Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran(EMBU) scale and the Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ)．The data were analysized by SPSS10.0 to find the relationship between parental rearing styles and children’ personality traits. Results① In EMBU,there was difference in father’s rearing styles between boys and girls,but mother’s rearing styles didn’t show any difference according to gender.② In P,N and L score of EPQ there was difference between boys and girls,in E score there wasn't.Correlation and regression analysises displayed that in parental rearing styles,the influence of mother's strictpunishment on EPQP and EPQL was more significant than the others.Mother's overinterference and overprotection had profound significance on EPQE.Father's strictpunishment and mother's overinterference and overprotection influence EPQN most. ConclusionFather's rearing styles have disparity in children's gender．Parents’ rearing styles have different influence on children’s personality traits．This indicates that the formation of children’s healthy personality needs positive parental rearing styles,which ought to be individual．

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Levels of matrix metalloproteinases in serum and cerebrospinalfluid in children with central nervous system infection and relationship between MMPs and impairment of bloodbrain barrier. Liu Junying,Guo Zhuoping,Zhang Huifeng 2006, 21(11): 856-858 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveTo observe the levels of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)in serum and cerebrospinalfluid(CSF)in children with central nervous system infection，and to combine index of CSF albumin，and to discuss the pathogenesis of MMPs in the destruction of bloodbrain barrier (BBB) in the central nervous system infection. MethodsThe levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in serum and CSF were determined by ELISA in 18 children with purulent meningitis(PM) in acute phase and recovery phase,22 children with viral encephalitis(VE) in acute phase,and 20 normal children. ResultsIn acute phase,the levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in serum and CSF in children with PM and VE were obviously higher than those of control group(P<0001),and the levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in serum and CSF in children with PM were obviously higher than those of VE (P<0001).In recovery phase,the difference of MMP2 and MMP9 in serum and CSF between PM and control group was of no statistical significance(P>005). ConclusionMMP2 and MMP9 levels of serum and CSF are significantly increased in children with central nervous system infection.MMP2 and MMP9 may contribute to pathologic course in BBB of central nervous system infection. Central nervous system infection；Purulent meningitis；Viral encephalitis； Matrix

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Clinical feature of acute abdomen with ectopic gastric mucosa in children. Li Hongqiu,Gao Fei,Zhang Dan 2006, 21(11): 859-860 .  Abstract ( )   AbstractObjectiveIn order to learn more about the ectopic gastric mucosa in children. MethodsFiftyfive cases who were diagnosed as ectopic gastric mucosa by pathology were analyzed retrospectively,and the clinical datas were classified and analysed. ResultsFortyfour cases were boys and 11 cases were girls,their ages ranging from 3 months to 13 years,the average age being 45 years.The final diagnosis was that 40 cases were Meckel's diverticulum and 11cases were duplication of intestine. ConclusionStrong acid secretion and ulceration are probably the etiology of the ectopic gastric mucosa; ectopic gastric mucosa can cause hemorrhage of lower disgestive tract、acute intestinal obstruction and intussusception;the children with acute abdomen even though the result of ECT is negative should be operated.