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    06 January 2007, Volume 22 Issue 01 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    The study of the relationship between leptin and early parenteral nutrition as well as growth of premature infants.
    ZHOU Ying,LI Mingxia,PA Timan.
    2007, 22(01): 19-21 . 
    Abstract ( )  
    AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between serum leptin and early nutrition as well as growth of premature infants.MethodsEightysix cases of premature appropriate for gestational infants were divided into the group of the parenteral nutrition and control group to measure by radioimmunoassay (RIA) their leptin concertrations in the umbilical cord blood and serum on the 7th day after birth.At the same time,daily nutrition state and physical growth indexes were examined.The correlation among leptin concentrations in cord blood,serum blood on 7th day after birth and daily intake of the quantity of energy,protein,variance of weight,MAC and the variance of skinfold thickness were studied.Results(1) The levels of umbilical cord blood leptin were (4.6±3.7)ng/mL and (4.8±2.2)ng/mL in the group of the parenteral nutrition and control group respectively.The levels of serum leptin on 7th day after birth were (4.3±2.2)ng/mL and (3.1±1.7)ng/mL in the above two groups.The level of serum leptin on 7th day was significantly lower than that of umbilical cord blood in infants of control group (P<0.05).(2) The level of umbilical cord blood leptin correlated positively with gestational age and birth weight(r=0.56,r=0.67).(3) Daily intake of the quantity of energy,protein,leptin and the variance of skinfold thickness on 7th day after birth were significantly different between the two groups(P<0.05).ConclusionSufficient supply of energy and protein should be ensured in premature infants.It is important to feed premature infants as early as possible.Premature infants should receive parenteral nutrition as supplements to enteral feeding.Leptin is worthy of recommendation as the laboratory evidence.
    Studies on the relations between changes of insulin、growth hormone and cortisol in premature infants with intrauterine
    growth retardation.YAO Mingzhu,LU Guoqiang,CHEN Hao
    2007, 22(01): 22-24 . 
    Abstract ( )  
    AbstractObjectiveTo investingate the relations of insulin(Ins)、growth hormone (GH) and cortisol (Cor) with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).MethodsBlood samples were collected from mothers、umbilical cord and 7day infants in forty cases of premature infant with IUGR and fortyfive cases of appropriate for gestational age infant(AGA),and the concentrations of Ins、GH and Cor were measured by radioimmunoassay, and the results were analyzed and compared.ResultsThe serum Ins of umbilical cord and 7day infant in IUGR group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The maternal serum GH、Cor in IUGR group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of serum Cor in umbilical cord and 7day infant between IUGR group and control group (P>0.05).ConclusionThe change of Ins、GH and Cor levels in maternal、umbilical and 7day infant serum may play an important role in the pathophysiological changes in IUGR of premature infants.
    Relation of hypocarbia and ventilation to cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL) in preterm infant.
    WANG Wei,LIU Xiaohong,LIN Ying.
    2007, 22(01): 25-27 . 
    Abstract ( )  
    AbstractObjectiveTo study the relationship between cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL) in preterm infant and hypocarbia and mechanical ventilation.MethodsThe proportion of hypocarbia in postnatal three days and parameters of ventilator everyday in cPVL group were compared with non cPVL,and no statistical difference of gestation age,birth weight and clinical conditions were found in both groups.ResultsThe ratio of hypocarbia in cPVL group (70%) was significantly higher than that in noncPVL group (20%).However,the parameters of ventilator in both groups were the same.ConclusioncPVL of preterm infant is related to hypocarbia and appeared independent of excessive ventilation.
    The study of the dynamic changes of creatine kinase and its soenzyme in neonates with hypoxicischemia encephalopathy.
    LV Weiping,LI Jianyou,WANG Jie
    2007, 22(01): 28-30 . 
    Abstract ( )  
    AbstractObjectiveTo explore the dynamic changes of creatine kinase,brain specific isoenzyme(CKBB) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CKMB) in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) and further explore the clinical sense.MethodsThirtytwo neonates with HIE were treated in Yantai Mountain Hospital from May 2004 to January 2005,and 30 normal neonates were involved in the study.The HIE group and the control group were drawn blood 24 hours after birth,on the third day and the seventh day.The serum level of CK、CKMB and CKBB was measured.Results(1) The serum levels of CK,CKMB and CKBB in infants with HIE were higher than that in control (P<0.05),and became higher and higher with the worsening condition of HIE.They all peaked within 24 hours after birth,then began to decrease gradually from the third day.The serum CK,CKMB and CKBB levels of moderate HIE reduced to normal on the seventh day.Severe HIE derecreased obviously at the seventh day but was still significantly higher than that in control (P<0.01).(2) There was significant difference of serum CK,CKMB levels between moderate, severe HIE and control,mild HIE.There was no significant difference between mild HIE and control group about the serum CK,CKMB levels.The serum CKBB levels of mild,moderate and severe HIE were all positively higher than that of control group (P<0.01).ConclusionThe present data suggests that the changes of serum CK,CKMB and CKBB levels are related to severity of HIE. They are the early distinctive and specific markers of brainheart damage. The dynamic changes of serum CK,CKMB and CKBB levels are of great value in assessing prognosis,early diagnosis,determining the degree and performing treatment for HIE.
    Building a dynamic surveillance system for the diversity of ausative pathogens and antimicrobial resistance from neonatal bacterial infections by using PowerBuilder.
    GU Rui,YU Jialin.
    2007, 22(01): 31-35 . 
    Abstract ( )  
    AbstractObjectiveTo create a dynamic surveillance system for implying a real time surveillance of the change of causative pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in neonatal bacterial infections,find out their current patterns and the transition,forecast their shortterm trends,build up a foundation for tracking and forecasting in a longterm and grasp the epidemiological features of the patterns and the transition,and provide the information for empirical administration of antimicrobial agents.MethodsA total of 2 strains of bacteria were isolated from hospitalized neonates and detected for antimicrobial susceptibility.All data were built up 12 tables of a database with full functions by structured query language (SQL).The surveillance system was programmed by using PowerScript and embedding Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) by object linking and embedding(OLE).Time series data were produced by our system and analyzed by embedded SPSS.ResultsBetween 2000 to 2004,Klebsiella pneumoniae(20.7%),E coli(18.0%) and coagulasenegative staphylococci(CNS)(16.2%) were predominant causative pathogens in neonatal infections in our unit.The proportion of opportunistic pathogens was increasing in total causative pathogens annually.The patterns of causative pathogens were scatteringly distributed and had less and less difference between nosocomial infections and infections acquired outside of hospital(P>0.05).The majority of antimicrobial agents had deterioration of susceptibility,especially cephalosporins.Extended spectrum βlactamase(ESBL) (70.9%) and methicillinresistant staphylococcus(MRS) (58.0%) were the prominent problem of antimicrobial resistance both gramnegative and grampositive bacteria.There were no significant changes of total sensitive rates in most antimicrobial agents(P>0.05);a lot of changes were slight decreasing,but some antimicrobial agents had increasing susceptibility in last two years.In time series,greater part of antimicrobial agents could be estimated and forecasted well with ordinary precision (MAPE<50).ConclusionThis system can successfully grasp the dynamic changes of causative pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility,find out the changes in composition ratio of causative pathogens,find uncommon pathogens caused infections and emerging antimicrobial resistant strains,discover new variation of antimicrobial susceptibility,estimate and forecast future trends of antimicrobial sensitive rates well.
    Observation of gemfibrozil treating hyperlipidemia in nephrotic come of steroidresistance.
    YAO Yong,YANG Jiyun,WANG Hongyan
    2007, 22(01): 36-38 . 
    Abstract ( )  
    AbstractObjectiveIt was known that hyperlipidemia,as one complication of nephrotic syndrome,had renal toxicity.To observe the effect and security of gemfibrozil treating hyperlipidemia in children with active steroidresistance nephrotic syndrome(SR NS).MethodsEight children with SRNS were administered gemfibrozil (BWt<20kg,0.3/d; BWt>20kg,0.3 Bid) whit normal liver function before lipidlowing treatment.The changes of plasma lipids (TC,TG) and lipoprotins (LDL,VLDL,HDL),albumin,serum creatinine(SCr),aminotransferase(ALT) and drug sideeffects were observated for 4 weeks.ResultsWe found that there were decreasing of plasma lipids and lipoproteins after 2 weeks of gemfibrozil treatment,especially TG(P<0.05).The decreasing of TC,VLDL,LDL and raising of HDL had significant difference at 4th week.The average reducing rate of TG was 48.2%,TC was 31.8%.There were no significant difference between before and after lipidlowing treatment in renal and liver function.All of our patients' renal and liver function was in normal range except that one boy who had renal insufficiency before gemfibrozil treatment had little raising of Scr.There was no sideeffect found except another patient who had temporary abdominal pain and nausea.ConclusionOur result showed that it is effective and safe to treat the steroidresistence nephrotic hyperlipidemia in childhood with gemfibrozil for shortterm,especially for patients with raising TG,but we would pay more attention to patients with renal insufficiency.
    Prediction with recurrent syncope in children of vasovagal syncope h headup tilt table test.
    WANG Cheng,HE Zhixiang,LI Mingxiang
    2007, 22(01): 39-42 . 
    Abstract ( )  
    AbstractObjectiveTo probe prediction of recurrent syncope in children with vasovagal syncope (VVS) through headup tilt table test (HUTT).MethodsThere were 251 (male 112 and female 139) patients with unexplained syncope (UPS) aged from 4 to 18 (12.25±3.27) years old who came from syncope department and hospitalization of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and they were made basic headup tilt table test (BHUT,n=251) with power tilt table.Negative cases of BHUT were given written informed consent and then given sublingual glyceryl trinitrate 0.2mg and made sublingual nitroglycerin headup tilt table test (SNHUT,n=92).The patients were divided into three groups: A group (n=54,syncope episode only 1 time) and B group (n=137,syncope episode were 2 to 4 times)and C group (n=60,syncope episode≥5 times).These data were statistically analyzed by computer with SPSS 11.0 software.Results(1)The relationship between the positive rate of HUTT and the syncope frequency:the positive rate of BHUT was increasing with the increase of syncope frequency (χ2=4.285,P>0.05),while the positive rate of SNHUT has no linear relation with the increase of syncope frequency (χ2=1.316,P>0.05),and it was also increasing with the increase of syncope frequency about the total positive rate of HUTT (BHUT + SNHUT) in different groups(χ 2=3.809,P>0.05).(2)The relationship between the reaction type and the syncope frequency: the reaction type was mainly vasoinhibition both in BHUT and SNHUT;there was no significant difference among different syncope frequency groups inBHUT(χ 2=3.008,P>0.05) and in SNHUT(χ2=2.426,P>0.05).ConclusionThere is no relationship between HUTT and recurrent syncope episodes.The positive rate of HUTT cannot predict recurrent syncope episodes in children with VVS.
    Changes of intestinal microbial flora in children after Helicobacter pylori infection and antiH·pylori therapy.
    LOU Jingan,HUANG Xiaolei,CHEN Jie.
    2007, 22(01): 43-46 . 
    Abstract ( )  
    AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the changes of intestinal microbial flora in children after Helicobacter pylori infection and antiHelicobacter pylori triple therapeutic regimen.MethodsFresh stool of 68 patients with chronic gastritis and duodenitis (H·pylori + 36 vs H·pylori 32 ) were adopted and cultivated for three aerobes(Enterobacterium,Enterococcus and Yeast) and four anaerobes (Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Bacteroides and Clostridium perfringens) which represented the intestinal microbial flora.B/E value (Bifidobacterium /Enterobacterium) was calculated as the index of the intestinal colonization resistance.Twentysix patients with H·pylori infection were reanalyzed the intestinal microbial flora after a sevenday antiH·pylori therapy with the therapeutic regimen of Omeprazole,amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Five of them were followed up one month after therapy.ResultsThe intestinal microbial flora was not changed significantly after H·pylori infection.The amount of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were significantly decreased after antiH·pylori therapy (P<0.05),while the amount of Enterobacterium was significantly increased(P<0.05),and B/E value was decreased (P<0.01).The isolating rate of Yeast was increased after therapy(P<0.05),and the isolating rate of Clostridium perfringens was decreased after therapy(P<0.05).One month after therapy,the amount of Lactobacillus continued decreasing,while Enterobacterium returned,and the amount of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides returned to almost normal but was lower than before therapy.ConclusionHelicobacter pylori infection in children does not affect the growth of Enterobacterium, Enterococcus,Yeast,Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Bacteroides and Clostridium perfringens.AntiH·pylori therapy with Omeprazole,amoxicillin and clarithromycin results in suppression on the growth of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Bacteroides and increased Enterobacterium and yeast in the intestinal lumen.The action of therapeutic regimen on the intestinal microbial flora remains one month after therapy.The side effects and potential dangers of triple therapy should be considered.